woowi(exobabydontcry韩文版音译为中文的歌词)

1. woowi，exobabydontcry韩文版音译为中文的歌词？

EXO-K-Baby,Don’t Cry(인어의 눈물)托能蒙sou里基mang洁bua内性jiang能个度我噶可累n来卡咯 su罗就挖太不qio恰多怒能卡恩吧那啊您大冷男家哟大mionghi给啊累昂古桥一哟多啦秒诺也可撒狼挂帕gun桑qio莫度忒我啵聊Baby don’t cry tonight哦度米够期够那miongBaby don’t cry tonight后素dong你了tui过呀木过破米得了够sen你噶啊你呀肯内莫拉呀黑懂So baby don’t cry cry内撒狼你诺基ki忒你吴xio搜咯了hiang诶一嫩吴miong吴去够八大哦嘎里素把给哦(b)嫩马肯都撒朗诶死木那那拉When you smile,sun shines哦闹啦特类内shei 摸大木掐啦哦忙没怕都qio oh璞搜jio内里加那 ohBaby don’t cry tonight (woo)都波米摸啦基能闹Baby don’t cry tonight就歌们闹吴里加那 (里加那)怒目波都qia啦你bi那能你送gang怒内波内呀黑dong (yeah)So baby don’t cry (don’t cry) cry (cry)内撒浪诶你ki哟给tui 你(yeah) 奥度空空韩够同诶克能wi hi 一表来木n桃诶乃噶摸抢hi闹毛叫dou 克马叫多闹r wi诶撒狼额miong看单嘛忒你Uh.忒信那冷ju该比龙那r 莫了能闹也该Don‘t cry 得高n莫木波单cha地chan无森么波要叫 Baby,Say no more (baby) no more (don`t cry)且白忙扫里几能马拉叫木高普米到诶克qia拉Say no more (baby) no more (don`t cry)轮不心撒狼么罗那么素wi该 qia拉里克卡罗那r太我叫你木搜给卡的掐吴里能开比特 (woo)搜里哦(b)熙顾同搜给和楼闹基能你把Baby don’t cry tonight (cry)哦度米够期够那miongBaby don’t cry tonight (oh yeah)后素dong你了tui过呀 (oh)木过破米得了够sen你噶啊你呀肯内莫拉呀黑懂 (oh woo)So baby don’t cry cry (don’t cry cry)内撒狼你诺基ki忒你 (cry cry)一le类撒里怒嘎内领大 (闹嘎)闹了大mun怒不熙(n)内ling大 (Falling down)Ki了你le内nun嫩嗯 (oh wow) 一节呀 Cry cry cry

2. 如何学习音标？

音标是学习英语的第一步，想要学好音标需要认识音标、会读音标，这样以后才能认识单词。在学习音标前，我们要先知道国际音标有48个，元音有20个，辅音有28个，元音又分为单元音和双元音，单元音有12个，双元音有8个。

音标数目

在上表中，我们可以看到音标有48个，现在我们常说的国际音标也是48个。

可以点击下面链接学习音标。

《【48个英语音标示范读音-哔哩哔哩】 https://b23.tv/mt9vVaK》

元音部分

辅音部分

音标的分类

最实用的分类方式是：元音=长元音+短元音+双元音；辅音=清辅音+浊辅音。

英语一共有48个国际音标，包括20个元音，28个辅音。

20个元音包括5个长元音：/i:/、/ɜ:/、/u:/、/a:/、/ɔ:/；

7个短元音：[i] [ə] [ɔ] [u] [ʌ] [e] [æ]；

8个双元音：/eɪ、/aɪ/、/ɔɪ/、/ɪə/、/eə/、/ʊə/、/əʊ/、/aʊ/；

注意：

1、长元音顾名思义就是发的音比较长而饱满；短元音则发的音比较短而急；

2、双元音就是两个单元音拼在一起，成为组合音。双元音发音的特点是前面的单元音发音长，后面的发音比较短。

28个辅音包括：轻辅音/p/ /t/ /k/ /f/ /θ/ /s/ /ʃ/ /ts/ /tʃ/ /tr/ /h/

浊辅音 /b/ /d/ /g/ /v/ /ð/ /z/ /ʒ/ /dz/ /dʒ/ /dr/ /r/

鼻音 /m/ /n/ /ŋ/

半元音 /j/ /w/

边音 /ǀ/

发音技巧

长元音

点击这个视频学习长元音发音。《【元音音标（长元音）-哔哩哔哩】 https://b23.tv/xz9mOz3》

5个长元音/i:/、/ɜ:/、/u:/、/a:/、/ɔ:/发音技巧。

（1）/i:/发音技巧：

发音时舌尖抵下齿，口形扁平。在发音的时候要尽量拉长，就像古人喝醉酒以后吟诗的感觉。

单词举例：bee [biː] n. 蜜蜂；see [siː] v. 看见，参看

（2）/ɜ:/发音技巧：

/ɜ:/是长元音，近似于北京腔的“儿”话音，如“花儿”的“儿”。发好这个音，关键在于卷舌！

单词举例：shirt [ʃə:t] n. 衬衫,男士衬衫；nurse [nə:s] n. 护士,保姆

（3）/u:/发音技巧

发这个音时双唇用力向前突出，有点像拉长了音说“乌”，但要注意，“乌”的口形较扁。

单词举例：moon [mu:n] n. 月球,月亮；room [ruːm] n. 房间,空间

（4）/a:/发音技巧

发音时口张大，双唇稍收圆。发音时可以照着镜子，说“啊”，看看嘴巴张得够不够大，记得要将嘴巴尽量张大。

单词举例：ask [a:sk] v. 问,询问； far [fa:r] adj. 远的

（5）/ɔ:/发音技巧

发这个音时，双唇稍稍收圆，并向前突出，发音接近于汉语“嗷”。这是个长元音，记住：长元音一定要拉长，发出来才好听。

单词举例：door [dɔ:r] n. 门； short [ʃɔ:t] adj. 短的

短元音

点击这个视频学习短元音发音。《【【英语音标7个短元音/ʌ/ /ɒ/ /ə/ /ɪ/ /ʊ/ /e/ /æ/怎么读？】-哔哩哔哩】 https://b23.tv/fo9Bd5E》

7个短元音：/i/、/ə/、 /ɔ/、/u/、/ʌ/、/e/、/æ/

（1）/i/发音技巧

它是个短元音，发音要短促而轻快。

单词举例：big [bɪɡ] adj. 大的,庞大的；Fit [fit] v. 合身,适合于

（2）/ə/发音技巧

发音时舌身平放，双唇扁平。发这个音时不用卷舌。

单词举例：teacher [ˈtiːtʃə] n. 老师,教师； mother [ˈmʌðə] n. 母亲

（3）/ɔ/ 发音技巧

这是一个短元音，发音一定要短，发音比/ɔ:/短一些，双唇稍稍收圆，并向前突出。

单词举例：dog [dɔg] n.狗,家伙；hot [hɔt] adj. 热的,辣的

（4）/u/ 发音技巧

发音时双唇收圆，稍突出。就像发汉语中的“乌”，但没发完就给打断了一样。

单词举例：book [bʊk] n. 书,卷；cook [kʊk] vt. 烹调,煮

（5）/ʌ/ 发音技巧

发音时舌尖和舌端两侧轻触下齿，唇形稍扁，开口度较大。这个发音有点像发“啊”音时突然被谁卡住了脖子的感觉。

单词举例：brother['brʌðə(r)] n. 哥哥，弟弟；mother [ˈmʌðə] n. 母亲

（6）/e/发音技巧

发音时舌尖抵下齿，舌前部稍抬起，上下嘴张开的角度大约呈“45度”，同时发出声音。

单词举例：leg [leg] v. n. 腿,支柱； desk [desk] n. 书桌

（7）/æ/发音技巧

发音时，双唇向两边平伸，张开嘴，嘴唇放松逐渐压低舌头7和下颚，尽可能夸张。

单词举例：bad [bæd] ：adj. 坏的,不好的；cat [kæt] ：n. 猫，猫科动物

双元音

点击这个视频学习双元音发音。《【【英语基础】英语国际音标-8个双元音的发音-哔哩哔哩】 https://b23.tv/VQsPDdl》

8个双元音发音技巧：/eɪ/、/aɪ/、/ɔɪ/、/ɪə/、/eə/、/ʊə/、/əʊ/、/aʊ/

（1）/eɪ/发音技巧

该音是个双元音，发音时双唇稍扁，口形从半开到合。类似于英文字母“A”。

单词举例：say[sei] v.说；delay[diˈlei] n. 延迟

（2）/aɪ/发音技巧

发此音的关键是要把/a/音发足，接近于英文字母中的“I”。

单词举例：ice [ais] n. 冰，雪糕；side [said] n. 面，边

（3）/ɔɪ/发音技巧

发音时双唇从圆到扁，口形从开到合。接近于汉语发音“奥一”。

单词举例：oil [ɔil] n. 油，石油；noise [nɔɪz] n. 噪音，嘈杂声

（4）/ɪə/发音技巧

发声时，由第一个音[i]向[ə]集中，接近于汉语发音“一呃”。

单词举例：fear [fɪər] ：n. 害怕，可能性；dear [dɪər] ：adj. 亲爱的

（5）/eə/发音技巧

接近于汉语发音“哎呃”。

单词举例：bear [bɛə] ：n. 熊；wear [wɛə] ：vt. 穿着

（6）/ʊə/发音技巧

第一个是“短乌音”/u/，第二个是/ə/。类似于汉语发音“屋呃”。

单词举例：sure [ʃʊər] adj. 确信的，确实的；pure [pjʊər] adj. 纯的；单纯的

（7）/əʊ/发音技巧

舌位由半低到高，口形由半开到小。接近于汉语发音“呃屋”。

单词举例： flow [fləu] ：vi. 流；glow [ɡləʊ] ：vi. 发光，灼热

（8）/aʊ/发音技巧

由第一个音向第二个音滑动，接近于汉语发音“啊屋”。

单词举例：cow [kaʊ] n. 奶牛，乳牛；hour [aʊər] n. 小时，钟头

辅音

点击这个视频学习辅音发音。《【英语音标（辅音部分），发音规则与技巧！美式发音，地道口语！清辅音，浊辅音！初级，零基础，欢迎新手！-哔哩哔哩】 https://b23.tv/dCgZVAA》

11个清辅音 /p/ /t/ /k/ /f/ /θ/ /s/ /ʃ/ /ts/ /tʃ/ /tr/ /h/

11个浊辅音 /b/ /d/ /g/ /v/ /ð/ /z/ /ʒ/ /dz/ /dʒ/ /dr/ /r/

注意：

清辅音：发音时送气，声带不颤动（颤不颤用手放在喉咙上就知道了）

浊辅音：发音时不送气(拿张纸放在嘴前，纸没有被吹开)，声带颤动。

（1）/p/ /b/谐音分别为“普”、“卜”，都省去韵母成分

发音方法：/p/是清辅音，声带不振动；/b/是浊辅音，声带振动。

单词举例：/p/：pen [pen] n.钢笔；pin [pin] n.大头针

/b/：bike [baik] n.自行车；beg [beg] v.乞求

（2）/t/ /d/分别谐音“特”、“得”。

发音方法：/t/是清辅音，声带不振动；/d/是浊辅音，声带振动。

单词举例：/t/ ：ten [ten] num； test [test] n. 试验, 考验

/d/： student [ˈstudnt] n.学生； date [deɪt] n.日期、日子、约见时间 v.注明日期、写上日期

（3）/k/ /g/分别谐音“可”、“嗝”。

发音方法：发音时舌后部隆起紧贴软颚，憋住气，然后突然分开，气流送出口腔，形成爆破音。/k/是清辅音，声带不要振动；/g/是浊辅音，声带需要振动。

单词举例：/k/ ：kite [kait] n. 风筝；cake [keɪk] n. 蛋糕

/g/： glove [ɡlʌv] n. 手套；girl [ɡə:l] n. 女孩

（4）/f/ /v/

/f/谐音“府”，/v/就是北方人把W读成V那种感觉。

发音方法：发音前，上齿咬住下嘴唇，然后使气流由唇齿间的缝隙中通过，从而引起摩擦。

/f/是清辅音，发音时声带不震动；/v/是浊辅音，发音时声带振动。

单词举例：/f/：flower ['flaʊər] n. 花；fly [flai] vi.飞, 飞行

/v/：love [lʌv] v. 爱；seven [ˈsevən] num. 七

(5)/θ/ /ð/ 牙齿轻咬舌尖发出的音

发音方法：发音时，舌尖微微伸出，置于上下门齿之间，舌尖和下齿之间的气流通道非常窄小，气流从舌齿间的窄缝中通过。/θ/是清辅音，发音时声带不振动；/ð/是浊辅音，发音时声带振动。

单词举例：/θ/：three [θri:] num. 三； throw [θrəʊ] vi. 投掷

/ð/：this [ðɪs] pron. 这,这个，这里； mother [ˈmʌðə(r)] n. 母亲

(6)/s/ 谐音“丝”，/z/“zi”

发音方法：发音时舌端靠近齿龈，气流由舌端齿龈间送出。/s/是清辅音，声带不振动；/z/是浊浦音，声带振动。

单词举例：/s/：school [sku:l] n. 学校，学院；bus [bʌs] n. 公共汽车

/z/：please [pli:z] int.请；zoo [zu:] n.动物园

(7)/ts/ /dz/分别谐音“次”、“自”

发音方法：舌端先贴住上齿龈，堵住气流，气流送出口腔。/ts/是清辅音，声带不振动，/dz/是浊辅音，声带振动。

单词举例：/ts/：cats [kæts] n. 猫( cat的名词复数 )；hats [hæts] n. 帽子( hat的名词复数 )

/dz/：hands [hændz] n.手；lands [lændz] n.陆地

(8)/tr/ /dr/分别谐音“戳”、“捉”

发音方法：舌尖贴齿龈后部，气流冲破阻碍发出短促的/t/后立即发/r/。/tr/是清辅音，声带不振动；/dr/是浊辅音，声带振动。

单词举例：/tr/ : tree [tri:] n. 树，木料；try [traɪ] vt.& vi. 试图

/dr/：dress [dres] n.连衣裙；drink [drɪŋk] v.喝酒

(9)/∫/ /ʒ/分别谐音“诗”、“日”

发音方法：/∫/是清辅音，声带不振动；/ʒ/是浊辅音，声带振动。

单词举例：/∫/：English [ˈɪŋglɪʃ] adj. 英格兰的；英国的；rubbish [ˈrʌbɪʃ] n. 垃圾；

/ʒ/：pleasure [ˈpleʒə] n.快乐，愉快；casual [ˈkæʒuəl] adj意外的，偶然的

（10）/t∫/ /dʒ/分别谐音“吃”、“之”

发音方法：发音时舌身抬高，舌端抵上齿龈后部，气流通过时发出破擦音。/t∫/是清辅音，声带不振动；/dʒ/是浊辅音，声带振动。

单词举例：/t∫/： chalk [tʃɔ:k] n. 粉笔；chair [tʃeər] n. 椅子

/dʒ/：page [peɪdʒ] n.页；age [eɪdʒ] n.年龄

(11)/h/ /r/分别谐音“呵”、“若”，省去韵母成分。

发音方法：

发/h/这个音时，嘴半开，气流从口腔不受阻碍而出，声带不振动，清辅音。

发/r/这个音时，舌端上卷，靠近上齿龈附近，嘴唇张开并保持略圆状态，气流从口腔涌出，声带振动，属于浊辅音。

单词举例: /h/： hair [heə(r)] n.头发；hate [heɪt] v.恨，厌恶

/r/： sorry ['sɒrɪ] v.对不起；write [raɪt] v.写

鼻音

点击这个视频学习鼻音发音。《【（21）鼻音 m n ŋ | 英语音标发音口型示范 | 美式发音-哔哩哔哩】 https://b23.tv/8P1jfXx》

(1)/m/谐音“恩”

发音方法：双唇紧闭，软腭下垂，气流从鼻腔发出，声带震动。闭口音。

单词举例：major [ˈmeɪdʒə(r)] adj.主要的；time [taɪm] n.时间

(2)/n/谐音“呢”

发音方法：舌尖顶住上齿龈，形成阻碍，气流从鼻腔发出，同时声带震动，开口音。

单词举例：nice [naɪc] adj.漂亮的；funny [ˈfʌni] adj.有趣的

(3)/ŋ/谐音“英”，省去声母部分

发音方法：发音时气流从鼻腔涌出，声带振动。

单词举例： think [θɪŋk] v.想；angel [ˈeɪndʒl] n.天使

边音

点击这个视频学习边音发音。《【真正的国际音标-边音 Lateral-哔哩哔哩】 https://b23.tv/G9C7X9F》

/l/谐音“里”

发音方法：舌尖顶住上齿龈，发音时气流从舌面的两侧通过，声带保持震动，属于浊辅音。

单词举例：light [laɪt] n.光线；ball [bɔ:l] n.球

半元音

点击这个视频学习半元音发音。《【BBC英语其他辅音半元音'w'的发音与'v'的区别国际音标发音｜Pronunciation Tips 34 - Other Consonant-哔哩哔哩】 https://b23.tv/fC2pYDl》

/j/谐音“耶”

发音方法：发音时声带震动，气流口腔发出。浊辅音，发音口型类似/ i/.

单词举例：ye [jes] adv.是的；young [jʌŋ] adj.年轻的

/w/谐音“屋”

发音方法：嘴唇张开到刚好可以含住一根吸管的程度，并向前微噘起，但上齿不能接触下唇,立刻滑向其后的元音。

单词举例：wish [wɪʃ] ：v. 希望； which [wɪtʃ] ：pron. 哪一个

学习步骤

抄写

抄写音标，并了解音标特点。

对音标的基本认知

1、区别长短音带“：”的音标发音相对较长不带“：”的音标发音相对较短。

2、区别清辅音和浊辅音核心区别：清辅音声带不震动，浊辅音声带振动。

模仿练习

找合适的视频学习学习跟读。例如b站上《【赖世雄48个英语音标朗读示范，美音英音对照版-哔哩哔哩】【https://b23.tv/sHYQFZ3】》、《【李咏梅老师英语（音标部分）——最牛的初中英语老师！没有之一！李咏梅国际音标（完整版发音篇）-哔哩哔哩】 https://b23.tv/U1pmjNE》、《【纯正英式发音】这是BBC出品的到现在为止最棒的英语发音教程（完整版）-哔哩哔哩】 https://b23.tv/gZzDKl5》，以上几个视频都非常不错，详细讲解每个音标的读法。注意视频一定至少跟读5遍，才能确保你的学习效果。

也可以通过下面这个视频观察发音口型的变化。

《【48个英语音标示范读音-哔哩哔哩】 https://b23.tv/mt9vVaK》

1、模仿练习，学习国际音标的发音，要注意观察老师的口型，观察发音部位的变化，主动模仿发音，初学可以对着镜子模仿练习，特别是元音发音的舌位高低，口腔开口度大小与音色关系十分密切，可以通过镜子观察口型上的区别，观察舌尖、舌面、舌叶的活动情况，比如u和o、i和e、e和ε等等，掌握准确口腔开口度，对于准确发音具有非常重要的意义。

2、听音训练:学习国际音标需要认识48个音标，通过反反复复的听力练习，达到强化记忆。听音训练，如果有条件，可以多听老师朗读音标，也可以使用录音带反复听音，本课件中的每个音素，都可以循环倾听，强化记忆。

3、多动口，动口是加强实践的关键和核心，听音也好，模仿也好，比较也好，最终要归结到自己发音这一目标上来，所以勤动口是掌握国际音标发音的关键。俗话说，"三天不写手生，三天不念口生"，说的就是要加强动手动口能力的培养。因此学习国际音标，要时时加强语音训练，勤动口，反复实践练习，在实践中比较，在实践中体会差别，做到熟能生巧，这样自然就掌握国际音标的发音了。

重点音标讲解

单元音

[i:] =“一”

[ɪ]：[ɪ]开口要比[i:]稍大，注意比较两图口型。

[e] 嘴张45°，[æ]嘴张90°

[ɜ:r] [ər]=“二”

[ə]=额（不卷舌）

[ʌ]：开口比“啊”略小

[ɑ:r]=卷舌的“啊”

[ɑ] =“啊”

[ɔ] =开口稍大的“哦”

[ɔ:r]=卷舌的“哦”

[u:]核心：双唇由半开微突，过渡到合嘴圆唇

[ʊ] 发成噘嘴的[ə],气流向外。

双元音

双元音较简单，大多数可进行类比，注意双元音的重音在第一个音标，即前一个音读的稍重，后一个音读的较轻。

[eɪ]=“A”

[aɪ]=“I”

[əʊ]=“O”

[ɔɪ]=“哦一”

[ɪə]=ear

[eə]=air

[ʊə]=“乌尔”

辅音

大部分辅音跟“汉语拼音”都有相似之处，直接看视频模仿即可，这里只讲解易错发音。

爆破音：

[t] [p] [k] 不要读成[tə] [pə] [kə] 注意：它们声带不震动

摩擦音：

[f][v] 咬唇音，注意上齿咬下唇

[θ][ð]

上下齿轻咬舌头，发音时能看到你的舌头露出

[ʃ]=不发音的“诗” [ʒ]= “日”

[r]=撅嘴＋卷舌的“热” [h]=不发音＋舌头平放的“喝”

鼻音

[m] 合嘴

[n] 舌前部抵住上颚

[ŋ] 嘴巴张开

舌侧音[l]

元音前：跟拼音“l”发音一致元音后：发“l”的前半段

半元音

[j] “也”

[w] =圆唇噘嘴的“我”

破擦音

[tʃ]= 不发声的“吃”

[dʒ]= “居”

[ts]=不发声的“次”

[dz]=“子”

[tr] 先发“t”，在发“r”，最后结合在一起

[dr] 同上

词汇拼读

1、规划拼读任务，拿出单词书或课本词汇表，找只含1~2个音节的单词拼读，20个为一组，每天练习3组，当然如果有时间，多进行几组也OK，加强效果。后期难度逐渐加大。

2、输入法识别词汇，每拼读一个词汇，都对着X飞输入法的语音识别功能朗读，看能否被输入法识别出单词，用机器来检测是否读的准确。

3、听词汇跟读，不管输入法识别出单词，还是没识别出单词，都要查手机字典，来听一遍听力，并跟读，模仿语调和轻重读音。

例如：Cash driver apartment money breakfast lawyer agency

学习计划

1、国际音标，一共48个，每天学4个，12天学完，元音和辅音每天各学习两个。

2、学完以后结合和音标相关的单词，每天坚持读一个小时，第二天要把第一天的一块儿读，第三天要把前两天的一块儿读，依次类推，坚持学完所有的音标，就可以读字典上任何一个单词。

3、长期坚持下去，会发现其实很多字母和音标有着关联，比如ph都发音标f的音，字母u发尖a的音，类似的规律，当大家坚持下来以后会发现很多，同时你甚至可以听到单词的发音就能把单词拼出来，直接就把背单词的问题解决了，音标会读，单词会读，单词会背，听力当然也不再是问题。自己总结出来的规律说明真的学会了，同时自己得出来的结论要比老师直接告诉你印象更深刻，同时最重要的是用起来更容易。

注意事项

1、了解发音要领，模仿老师口型

学习语音，一定要注意口型，并仔细揣摩每个音标的发音要领，特别是相似音标的发音区别。

零基础学员不要以为盯着老师的口型就好了，其实发音很多都是内部器官看不到的，所以需要老师正确的发音示范，跟着老师一起读，然后再加上老师给的一些技巧，继续跟读，老师感觉哪有问题，再帮着纠正，这样一系列过程才是练成标准发音的秘籍。

2、单词拼读实战，一对一纠正错误

养成一口纯正口语最重要的还是练习练习再练习，单词拼读实战训练，巩固你的发音。不断读，不断纠正，训练单个音标到训练多个单词，在学习语音的过程中，再掌握一些基础的词汇。

3、辩音练习，纠正错误，掌握发音规律

训练难度会随着课程的深入不断加强，但还是训练相同的内容，一节课很多类似的训练内容。音标中很多类似的发音，将相似音放在一起对比再练习，舌头和耳朵在这很重要。

%3Chowto_content%3E[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"is_abstract":true},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"音标是学习英语的第一步，想要学好音标需要认识音标、会读音标，这样以后才能认识单词。在学习音标前，我们要先知道国际音标有48个，元音有20个，辅音有28个，元音又分为单元音和双元音，单元音有12个，双元音有8个。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"X0ayd2WScoy4M6xsFVmcneA8n8f"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"音标数目","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XGMMdqqKGoIkyGxmsOVcclDvnFd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在上表中，我们可以看到音标有48个，现在我们常说的国际音标也是48个。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AESAdWCuQoQUiuxmQkVcGNVXnbe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"可以点击下面链接学习音标。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"E20kdWCCso4ykCx45GjcqgWynqa"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"《【48个英语音标示范读音-哔哩哔哩】 ","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://b23.tv/mt9vVaK"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://b23.tv/mt9vVaK","id":""}],"text":"","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AqckdkO2SoWKyoxQJlCcXjKcn4f"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"元音部分","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MsOsda4UyoA0yUx4xP6czKClnJg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":345,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"元音部分","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/a663fdb6f1284e47acca44c09060b0a2","width":694},"text":"","id":"AEKudCk2So0cmMxCAIeceBvxnjf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"辅音部分","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KisEdmSmgogIwoxC4ZMcG3QknLe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":601,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"辅音部分","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7467dcbf994549a5a6381df079b4301f","width":561},"text":"","id":"PAIEdU6suogWcexSCXRc664TnUf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"音标的分类","id":""}],"text":"","id":"YouadwUQwosyeyxasemc2PIHnjb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"最实用的分类方式是：元音=长元音+短元音+双元音；辅音=清辅音+浊辅音。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IwWMdM0y4okSc6xUXz8cZOKMnWg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"英语一共有48个国际音标，包括20个元音，28个辅音。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZEYEdomcAoIWSIx0gs6ctJvEnHg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"20个元音包括5个长元音：/i:/、/ɜ:/、/u:/、/a:/、/ɔ:/；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TOEMdsCmEo8wmuxy9sgchI0Dncu"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"7个短元音：[i] [ə] [ɔ] [u] [ʌ] [e] [æ]；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JSgsdwwsWoc2i8xcLMycBbyfnae"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"8个双元音：/eɪ、/aɪ/、/ɔɪ/、/ɪə/、/eə/、/ʊə/、/əʊ/、/aʊ/；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FEqydSEaYoYgAExG0OJcpQCinVe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"注意：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QgMudGYi4ooOcUxmocWcCoCEn1I"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、长元音顾名思义就是发的音比较长而饱满；短元音则发的音比较短而急；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CUm2dg0ayooas8xw7mKc1LHmnHb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、双元音就是两个单元音拼在一起，成为组合音。双元音发音的特点是前面的单元音发音长，后面的发音比较短。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"L6kydWcCEosSoGx4YDdcStKNnRb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"28个辅音包括：轻辅音/p/ /t/ /k/ /f/ /θ/ /s/ /ʃ/ /ts/ /tʃ/ /tr/ /h/","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AIKwdykA4ogsCMxghM8cwNI2ndd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"浊辅音 /b/ /d/ /g/ /v/ /ð/ /z/ /ʒ/ /dz/ /dʒ/ /dr/ /r/","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EKwedeuCIoQOQOxsPGjcKnRinVe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"鼻音 /m/ /n/ /ŋ/","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NsCOdg4ACo2C8cxYDOvc9jprnMe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"半元音 /j/ /w/","id":""}],"text":"","id":"YgEed6IysogkMcxCm9rcZCI9nMc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"边音 /ǀ/","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UkYUdw6iMoqSiqxwvFGcq3HTnTb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":551,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"音标的分类","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/6872a8bb79f14f40989a6ed6bc41be7a","width":720},"text":"","id":"C4qGduOAkoiWuQx0ixicZGvqnPh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"发音技巧","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VYc4dsOwco02wAxAp27chauenkc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"长元音","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MI8CdGMgmoi24ox6Isuc2rBwnSg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"点击这个视频学习长元音发音。《【元音音标（长元音）-哔哩哔哩】 ","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://b23.tv/xz9mOz3"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://b23.tv/xz9mOz3","id":""}],"text":"","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AmiUdgiYaoo2m8xCLThcfQzVnob"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5个长元音/i:/、/ɜ:/、/u:/、/a:/、/ɔ:/发音技巧。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FKwydmY08oE4Esxsthgc7bG6ngf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（1）/i:/发音技巧：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JICedKKGioa2S6xOb2IcdXk7n31"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"发音时舌尖抵下齿，口形扁平。在发音的时候要尽量拉长，就像古人喝醉酒以后吟诗的感觉。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PuU6dGQ4goEwuyx0SHAcyATXnRh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"单词举例：bee [biː] n. 蜜蜂；see [siː] v. 看见，参看","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HoymdmuGiocUiExgVgicDvQJn2b"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":306,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"长元音","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/11401e7cc5bc444dbe441c1675fed41f","width":451},"text":"","id":"Jwu8dI462oaeoYx2YiTciWTqnvE"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（2）/ɜ:/发音技巧：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ts2qdA6SgoseSMxKkuqcBll6nug"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"/ɜ:/是长元音，近似于北京腔的“儿”话音，如“花儿”的“儿”。发好这个音，关键在于卷舌！","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OYYudyQECoAUWCxAXCXcpSQNnwb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"单词举例：shirt [ʃə:t] n. 衬衫,男士衬衫；nurse [nə:s] n. 护士,保姆","id":""}],"text":"","id":"COSGdekU0o4gUuxMXnMcC6pCn2c"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":377,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"长元音","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/623ec09f755c4250bf94380ee9544915","width":562},"text":"","id":"FCiYdGaciomUW2xG0SicnSgFnLd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（3）/u:/发音技巧","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PWOIdEuS2o0WmaxWew6cVNb0nEf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"发这个音时双唇用力向前突出，有点像拉长了音说“乌”，但要注意，“乌”的口形较扁。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KGkEdI2kMos20Ox2r4qcCFyXnnc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"单词举例：moon [mu:n] n. 月球,月亮；room [ruːm] n. 房间,空间","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Esasd8QoioyssQxkPtKc5kBmnJc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":301,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"长元音","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/fe82dde826ae4239afa4b48ffe8b0c42","width":453},"text":"","id":"RKWId4Ca4og0QexmwWYcZ2TOnAg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（4）/a:/发音技巧","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TAmEdomGco0mmmxMBcic5uLqnaf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"发音时口张大，双唇稍收圆。发音时可以照着镜子，说“啊”，看看嘴巴张得够不够大，记得要将嘴巴尽量张大。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TSYadWSEcooYEQxIUAjct9vnnFJ"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"单词举例：ask [a:sk] v. 问,询问； far [fa:r] adj. 远的","id":""}],"text":"","id":"YAQsdCAoGosGOqxQt5octrTLnYc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":273,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"长元音","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/025ef979d9624dbc88706798e493e87b","width":454},"text":"","id":"JsAodyMG4oaAWUx0eNaclgPRnU7"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（5）/ɔ:/发音技巧","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VyMWdKGuYouWEGxCWxVch2RmnXg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"发这个音时，双唇稍稍收圆，并向前突出，发音接近于汉语“嗷”。这是个长元音，记住：长元音一定要拉长，发出来才好听。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MgM2dcYGCo46QcxQbwMc94Nynih"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"单词举例：door [dɔ:r] n. 门； short [ʃɔ:t] adj. 短的","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LgscdccICoGgwaxKaJWc1SyKnIh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":276,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"长元音","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d7a38edc116f4856b5a9593f720e724d","width":450},"text":"","id":"Ho4YdSGgcoUyQqxmgKhctGE7nkd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"短元音","id":""}],"text":"","id":"G0wOd0uowoAm6exEjRdcgKeDnJd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"点击这个视频学习短元音发音。《【【英语音标7个短元音/ʌ/ /ɒ/ /ə/ /ɪ/ /ʊ/ /e/ /æ/怎么读？】-哔哩哔哩】 ","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://b23.tv/fo9Bd5E"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://b23.tv/fo9Bd5E","id":""}],"text":"","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WUQIdyWAoo6YMexciCLc5g4mnfx"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"7个短元音：/i/、/ə/、 /ɔ/、/u/、/ʌ/、/e/、/æ/","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JQe8de0WgoW4WIxIf6EcSf5Jn8g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（1）/i/发音技巧","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OeiSdAac6oeg4QxICt4cMrZ1ngb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"它是个短元音，发音要短促而轻快。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KyOcdmKcYo2yg0xc9CLchnc0nFg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"单词举例：big [bɪɡ] adj. 大的,庞大的；Fit [fit] v. 合身,适合于","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Peq6dMSKAoKMiex85ZpcCHMwn8c"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":282,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"短元音","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7490f86fa2e840c7822c7a8652cc3b59","width":454},"text":"","id":"Jg8qd0SAGoaqQYxWG62cTGd0nJc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（2）/ə/发音技巧","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Yi4gdOOSwoqi4ixUPCxcr7dTn8N"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"发音时舌身平放，双唇扁平。发这个音时不用卷舌。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QSWGdgm2wokq4uxaoSxc9pQNnAc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"单词举例：teacher [ˈtiːtʃə] n. 老师,教师； mother [ˈmʌðə] n. 母亲","id":""}],"text":"","id":"N600dqWCioIGAexsDGtcikolnSc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":285,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"短元音","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/fc5b84b799c543ba81a17ef6447d69b3","width":451},"text":"","id":"Zicodsi0aoGSMcxMFmhcGojin4b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（3）/ɔ","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"/ ","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"发音技巧","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Cwu6dsy0ioSIoQxQ3McctItdnoc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这是一个短元音，发音一定要短，发音比/ɔ:/短一些，双唇稍稍收圆，并向前突出。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"B40SdEqGeommYaxUVmkcbAFunof"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"单词举例：dog [dɔg] n.狗,家伙；hot [hɔt] adj. 热的,辣的","id":""}],"text":"","id":"E6OQdeMYeo8kqAxQFP0cUzhtnQf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（4）/u/ 发音技巧","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MkEMdeuwcoUMQMx2jfDcSL1Lnle"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"发音时双唇收圆，稍突出。就像发汉语中的“乌”，但没发完就给打断了一样。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NUQadG2AOoyQiqxovbfcN5hMnSg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"单词举例：book [bʊk] n. 书,卷；cook [kʊk] vt. 烹调,煮","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XiW4dUI0WoeWYaxmgclczYA7nSc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":318,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"短元音","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/a926c1aa6d5d4ce79c0d19c2159ce98e","width":454},"text":"","id":"QGcAdYE6MomYUMxuiFcciKOwnKf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（5）/ʌ/ 发音技巧","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QemKd0uQoogOGqx0yTfccRfnnVf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"发音时舌尖和舌端两侧轻触下齿，唇形稍扁，开口度较大。这个发音有点像发“啊”音时突然被谁卡住了脖子的感觉。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RQgydeee4ogWwyxgJKecse67nsf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"单词举例：brother['brʌðə(r)] n. 哥哥，弟弟；mother [ˈmʌðə] n. 母亲","id":""}],"text":"","id":"W8i8des8kowCQaxCkeRcyQO0nMc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":282,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"短元音","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/1518aaa5800744e6bc885be81174da0d","width":458},"text":"","id":"WMWQdCSuEoUWmExgHZKcmgz1nhb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（6）/e/发音技巧","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HqQmdo8KCoky4ex6tkXch12DnFb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"发音时舌尖抵下齿，舌前部稍抬起，上下嘴张开的角度大约呈“45度”，同时发出声音。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HESCdsQuMo60Eox6PwLcFLN7nkc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"单词举例：leg [leg] v. n. 腿,支柱； desk [desk] n. 书桌","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UMEmdEuiQoOm8IxWKmhchZ3dnqc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":302,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"短元音","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b3fa4d978e4b447488f631be293165b8","width":451},"text":"","id":"HCSudscUeo2WQexw5h8cEy3znSe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（7）/æ/发音技巧","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FIIOdWuQsoIIwCx4gLAcOprtnje"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"发音时，双唇向两边平伸，张开嘴，嘴唇放松逐渐压低舌头7和下颚，尽可能夸张。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZSsydKw6AoE0QuxERwUcI26KnUh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"单词举例：bad [bæd] ：adj. 坏的,不好的；cat [kæt] ：n. 猫，猫科动物","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SUkcdksC2osc46xkfiqcMmwtnqe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":286,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"短元音","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/13ef5be403e1446dab200bb2319308db","width":455},"text":"","id":"RyKKdYucIoyoaExSGXwcBg0wnGh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"双元音","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EaaodueAEo268SxMxKfcNGngnFf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"点击这个视频学习双元音发音。《【【英语基础】英语国际音标-8个双元音的发音-哔哩哔哩】 ","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://b23.tv/VQsPDdl"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://b23.tv/VQsPDdl","id":""}],"text":"","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BsecdiMMYoke62xG0Lkcik9snKc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"8个双元音发音技巧：/eɪ/、/aɪ/、/ɔɪ/、/ɪə/、/eə/、/ʊə/、/əʊ/、/aʊ/","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UUoSdueMqoIYkAxgdQTcnBxBnXg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（1）/eɪ/发音技巧","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SyYCdiUwooQQuKxUDZccsKHLnfg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"该音是个双元音，发音时双唇稍扁，口形从半开到合。类似于英文字母“A”。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZKEwdAkUGoA4iIxpX5EcLq3KnrH"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"单词举例：say[sei] v.说；delay[diˈlei] n. 延迟 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CIIgdCuUeooCKwxmEuZcCv12nGe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":265,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"双元音","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/5dfd6e9e53684a9598530475e2d96126","width":457},"text":"","id":"OsecdEcOyomEsExG25jccuksnHg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（2）/aɪ/发音技巧","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KwScdKWUuo4koyx8zIlcnspPnKc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"发此音的关键是要把/a/音发足，接近于英文字母中的“I”。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UguSdq8McoMegMxgrkfc5oKfn5b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"单词举例：ice [ais] n. 冰，雪糕；side [said] n. 面，边","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HIYQdm4KkocmioxVAXPcjTFInvy"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":303,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"双元音","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/1fac52f81d3e43b4ad93559d84c6e4fd","width":452},"text":"","id":"GW2id2oWuoywqex6iJZcG5KXnWh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（3）/ɔɪ/发音技巧","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AOWIdIc8moigIixsbHIckhi8n5G"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"发音时双唇从圆到扁，口形从开到合。接近于汉语发音“奥一”","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FSw4ducquoQKMuxMtIScMy4wnWd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"单词举例：oil [ɔil] n. 油，石油；noise [nɔɪz] n. 噪音，嘈杂声","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LW2od6qk0oqyU4x8qOAczdchnCc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":302,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"双元音","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9307e1ed689946e9bd14a681c5b78d92","width":448},"text":"","id":"WMKUd2wgKoIQ6uxQbA9cgGWindd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（4）/ɪə/发音技巧","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Cae2duCEsoem4yxA3tvc0cmdnCf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"发声时，由第一个音[i]向[ə]集中，接近于汉语发音“一呃”。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"C68Md8ms8ociOqxWGiVcBAMJnEe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"单词举例：fear [fɪər] ：n. 害怕，可能性；dear [dɪər] ：adj. 亲爱的","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Eawkdmem6owIQYxisRVcS3Ljnce"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":306,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"双元音","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/4aecdc72dc8d4a52a355153570863ecb","width":449},"text":"","id":"UQCadEEogosc0cxCAiZcP9D0nme"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（5）/eə/发音技巧","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Es8ydgUYyoW0UGx0u3PcNSMZnzc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"接近于汉语发音“哎呃”。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"I42OdKEEso2AYKxwDFhc15xGnPh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"单词举例：bear [bɛə] ：n. 熊；wear [wɛə] ：vt. 穿着","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Mi4GdQ4cooIqGGxWszQcP7P6nUb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":301,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"双元音","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/80a62f63b71d441fab8b7b937db156b5","width":455},"text":"","id":"WKgEdmMEeooMAGxraS2cKlFNnzp"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（6）/ʊə/发音技巧","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JYs6des4GosOg2xWIw7c5U11nBc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第一个是“短乌音”/u/，第二个是/ə/。类似于汉语发音“屋呃”。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Qgsgdw2qgoa6WSx2zPjcHHBLnSf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"单词举例：sure [ʃʊər] adj. 确信的，确实的；pure [pjʊər] adj. 纯的；单纯的","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IqQidGY8uou04vxQr5ucq8izn2T"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":338,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"双元音","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c63377faff584578850c4f931e0964a4","width":500},"text":"","id":"G2Uod4AO2oA0yuxOgbYcsRAUnbg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（7）/əʊ/发音技巧","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AKMadGucOoaaGIxQFbicoXY5n6b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"舌位由半低到高，口形由半开到小。接近于汉语发音“呃屋”。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KkSUdWMwwo4CE8xKwmhcnBqwnyc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"单词举例： flow [fləu] ：vi. 流；glow [ɡləʊ] ：vi. 发光，灼热","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BKa0dKw0qoIKk2xYZC6cRR28n5b"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":305,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"双元音","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/02a605adae3540e89ce2893523886858","width":451},"text":"","id":"NM2wdK6S2oeIQYxCgOxcYt4snue"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（8）/aʊ/发音技巧","id":""}],"text":"","id":"V4eedMomYoYYUUx8kmacWlySn9b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"由第一个音向第二个音滑动，接近于汉语发音“啊屋”。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Kuy8dSgWgoKKG0xlGmGcJFU1nm7"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"单词举例：cow [kaʊ] n. 奶牛，乳牛；hour [aʊər] n. 小时，钟头","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EG88doWaio0GUwx0M5Yc3mtvnwb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":336,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"双元音","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/1955882da7c54a7d936a2a26325b2b9c","width":500},"text":"","id":"V04od2GkKokq6WxuazbctmCGnmh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"辅音","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PiwcdwQISoMwgsx0yFucrIYUnih"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"点击这个视频学习辅音发音。《【英语音标（辅音部分），发音规则与技巧！美式发音，地道口语！清辅音，浊辅音！初级，零基础，欢迎新手！-哔哩哔哩】 ","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://b23.tv/dCgZVAA"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://b23.tv/dCgZVAA","id":""}],"text":"","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DAMod2AYQoGwMYxmm7pcZVEgnRd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"11个清辅音 /p/ /t/ /k/ /f/ /θ/ /s/ /ʃ/ /ts/ /tʃ/ /tr/ /h/","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JY04deUyUo4SOIx00V9cNrjgn2e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"11个浊辅音 /b/ /d/ /g/ /v/ /ð/ /z/ /ʒ/ /dz/ /dʒ/ /dr/ /r/","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Aya6dI06WoYGm0xgFG8cd2RWnVd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"注意：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DCAKdYKa6o6CskxSKjOcMmqYnxe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"清辅音：发音时送气，声带不颤动（颤不颤用手放在喉咙上就知道了）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"V4c8d0oaKoiiasxSJbIc3Phpn8z"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"浊辅音：发音时不送气(拿张纸放在嘴前，纸没有被吹开)，声带颤动。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"C6msd8Wsao4MCox3aGXchxhTnit"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（1）/p/ /b/谐音分别为“普”、“卜”，都省去韵母成分","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WqgqdeYCwoquUGxIpR6cp8i9n6b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"发音方法：/p/是清辅音，声带不振动；/b/是浊辅音，声带振动。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Q2iUduAywo0QcsxAPIvcauRYn1e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"单词举例：/p/：pen [pen] n.钢笔；pin [pin] n.大头针","id":""}],"text":"","id":"I6YGdymweowsukxi0Chcjet4nbe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"/b/：bike [baik] n.自行车；beg [beg] v.乞求","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IukEd2acUomqsix61ZlcYRZgntc"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":291,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"辅音","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/606b063e5abc4abda1a64a5bcd15ed33","width":453},"text":"","id":"GAAodsy42oGcEOxqesecgGainDg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":279,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"辅音","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/62b2c2ff83cd446e913fc3894b60f5ed","width":453},"text":"","id":"LocqdA2WqoWwOmx4iqoc1Co1nzd"}],"text":"","id":"OUu0dw0IUoCAoKxWuwQcERpSn2g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（2）/t/ /d/分别谐音“特”、“得”。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OUu0dw0IUoCAoKxWuwQcERpSn2g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"发音方法：/t/是清辅音，声带不振动；/d/是浊辅音，声带振动。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WqgudmymyoWeMyxG4qAcXd5Nn3f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"单词举例：/t/ ：ten [ten] num； test [test] n. 试验, 考验","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CmCsdscSUougQExs3LHcC6Yvnxc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"/d/： student [ˈstudnt] n.学生； date [deɪt] n.日期、日子、约见时间 v.注明日期、写上日期","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QEwYdeUuqoceaWxmGpgcCQRAnaf"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":285,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"辅音","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/a42294e34f854b1db31a0c38ef37302c","width":450},"text":"","id":"Q8KYdagoIo4k20x8FBYcKkY5ng9"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":303,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"辅音","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/904cd5e38687477288a3126fcc4f1018","width":454},"text":"","id":"EOGSdg44io6MwMxwFg2cxsvAnPf"}],"text":"","id":"DQQedqwyMooIEkxIKJIcVruHnlb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（3）/k/ /g/分别谐音“可”、“嗝”。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DQQedqwyMooIEkxIKJIcVruHnlb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"发音方法：发音时舌后部隆起紧贴软颚，憋住气，然后突然分开，气流送出口腔，形成爆破音。/k/是清辅音，声带不要振动；/g/是浊辅音，声带需要振动。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CiO0dy8SCoiem2xKge6ccUbyn7e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"单词举例：/k/ ：kite [kait] n. 风筝；cake [keɪk] n. 蛋糕","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FUQodyeyyoWuQAx2JGYcZNT1nqd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"/g/： glove [ɡlʌv] n. 手套；girl [ɡə:l] n. 女孩","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AQIOdQAAIoSki6xy8ITcIpXtnmh"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":305,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"辅音","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/14d7ac9a6f4f404893f06bdabb1aa226","width":490},"text":"","id":"Emi6dSeEKo2WoixmcDrcz6VHnU6"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":304,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"辅音","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/06964c4beb5c4fce98d2def6ba8ebbca","width":493},"text":"","id":"DYMkdcSk4oSS0AxYncocwbmfnZc"}],"text":"","id":"DySedIAYgoKsywxoVI4cNSDinKe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（4）/f/ /v/","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DySedIAYgoKsywxoVI4cNSDinKe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"/f/谐音“府”，/v/就是北方人把W读成V那种感觉。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ISoKdAUgYoGIyExI5y6cPFHfnPh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"发音方法：发音前，上齿咬住下嘴唇，然后使气流由唇齿间的缝隙中通过，从而引起摩擦。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RM62de2eqoAkcixAxO3c7o2nn2b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"/f/是清辅音，发音时声带不震动；/v/是浊辅音，发音时声带振动。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AGkSdk02UoUYoqx87ogcwnwpnPf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"单词举例：/f/：flower ['flaʊər] n. 花；fly [flai] vi.飞, 飞行","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DmI8dMaAyocKYixCAJOcvEDznmb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"/v/：love [lʌv] v. 爱；seven [ˈsevən] num. 七","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CaQOdgSIQogyCOxO4sGcBbGqnkg"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":307,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"辅音","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8ce3c52756514e448ddc1d518e55ecdf","width":450},"text":"","id":"Pam6duQkAoyQ6Oxq6dwcgin7nTe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":307,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"辅音","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0d517eafc9904db59404a654d6aabfd9","width":499},"text":"","id":"A6ugd446kocAo6xgNYQcDw1hnId"}],"text":"","id":"XICgdYG6eowkcoxiK6zcQDIVn3f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(5)/θ/ /ð/ 牙齿轻咬舌尖发出的音","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XICgdYG6eowkcoxiK6zcQDIVn3f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"发音方法：发音时，舌尖微微伸出，置于上下门齿之间，舌尖和下齿之间的气流通道非常窄小，气流从舌齿间的窄缝中通过。/θ/是清辅音，发音时声带不振动；/ð/是浊辅音，发音时声带振动。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XmG0de0CookKwKxgJVJctctcnbc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"单词举例：/θ/：three [θri:] num. 三； throw [θrəʊ] vi. 投掷","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BQUadqEywoMcs2xEtzIc5zkmnfb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"/ð/：this [ðɪs] pron. 这,这个，这里； mother [ˈmʌðə(r)] n. 母亲","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NGMedc0I2oEIOEx6qDWc6Ca4nwg"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":430,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"辅音","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/50168da9a42b477395fa447a59aadf00","width":640},"text":"","id":"TS0MdAOiIoWak2x4Fr2cXJLRneg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":250,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"辅音","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/fe852c5bda9443b4b98bcb1ed73950ab","width":456},"text":"","id":"Y6o6dYI68oOO4ixYzmUcUdwlnHg"}],"text":"","id":"MCEgdOoEkoUE2qxAtnfcviE7nSg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(6)/s/ 谐音“丝”，/z/“zi”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MCEgdOoEkoUE2qxAtnfcviE7nSg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"发音方法：发音时舌端靠近齿龈，气流由舌端齿龈间送出。/s/是清辅音，声带不振动；/z/是浊浦音，声带振动。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MiYMdEsIcom0uoxgfRFcbXodnAg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"单词举例：/s/：school [sku:l] n. 学校，学院；bus [bʌs] n. 公共汽车","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WO6kd6cMWoAM02xGkWKc7Bunnnc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"/z/：please [pli:z] int.请；zoo [zu:] n.动物园","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IgmKdaGiooyg8ExgVM2cEGJAnoh"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":271,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"辅音","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9a735a6fd556430899e72f213603429c","width":453},"text":"","id":"IYIEdaM6co0Mo6xsd9CcEcfGnrf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":217,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"辅音","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/cbd3bbe2132a47e09a970ca158685fd7","width":454},"text":"","id":"S6C8duMs0omqiKxkfZncVmJSnIb"}],"text":"","id":"RKu4dWEeIo4Og6xqiP7cXVdwnKb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(7)/ts/ /dz/分别谐音“次”、“自”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RKu4dWEeIo4Og6xqiP7cXVdwnKb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"发音方法：舌端先贴住上齿龈，堵住气流，气流送出口腔。/ts/是清辅音，声带不振动，/dz/是浊辅音，声带振动。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Wu2AdkuSioKeekxGWiWcUNN1nFf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"单词举例：/ts/：cats [kæts] n. 猫( cat的名词复数 )；hats [hæts] n. 帽子( hat的名词复数 ) ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DOksdQsWUoKGA2xETz0chmFantf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"/dz/：hands [hændz] n.手；lands [lændz] n.陆地","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CMmSdKgc0oK828xcVxeci6yGnOg"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":289,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"辅音","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8fdc13488fbc4d59a98f9f0713aefe7c","width":450},"text":"","id":"P8KydWaQYo8qWUxQppkc4qdhngb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":276,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"辅音","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7c7a93711b0e46cc83a527c60d527179","width":451},"text":"","id":"PkmQd6QMeoIcCIxoQSfcvdqVnmb"}],"text":"","id":"Ng8qda44kouo0UxWAN2cpPcpnkb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(8)/tr/ /dr/分别谐音“戳”、“捉”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ng8qda44kouo0UxWAN2cpPcpnkb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"发音方法：舌尖贴齿龈后部，气流冲破阻碍发出短促的/t/后立即发/r/。/tr/是清辅音，声带不振动；/dr/是浊辅音，声带振动。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GSKsdMQi0o82OexWotqcSV0KnVc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"单词举例：/tr/ : tree [tri:] n. 树，木料；try [traɪ] vt.\u0026 vi. 试图 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GGkKdsqAqo0C8WxqIJucE48Anzb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"/dr/：dress [dres] n.连衣裙；drink [drɪŋk] v.喝酒","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HcYWdO6moomiWCxi6X3c322tnUe"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":306,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"辅音","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8cd7b6ea3573404d915c2b39fdd668ad","width":454},"text":"","id":"Vg4UdMsoWosWm6xmPRjcCCNMnyQ"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":296,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"辅音","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/700de1de8f2b402893d73b6fd25b5342","width":452},"text":"","id":"OsM4dSIkIouswGxiw7LcHHrMnjb"}],"text":"","id":"JSaEd8UAsoau4axA33tcPSTUnLe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(9)/∫/ /ʒ/分别谐音“诗”、“日”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JSaEd8UAsoau4axA33tcPSTUnLe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"发音方法：/∫/是清辅音，声带不振动；/ʒ/是浊辅音，声带振动。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PKmAda0ceooIAExiq07crsVtnid"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"单词举例：/∫/：English [ˈɪŋglɪʃ] adj. 英格兰的；英国的；rubbish [ˈrʌbɪʃ] n. 垃圾；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FGIidicIkoCGCKxKo0PcQBYlnhd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"/ʒ/：pleasure [ˈpleʒə] n.快乐，愉快；casual [ˈkæʒuəl] adj意外的，偶然的","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MwwIdAKiooqy2Cxak94c5PDbnGg"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":285,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"辅音","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8f332b0d40c74d34ae86cb1fa3ca05e7","width":454},"text":"","id":"DwsYdMccsog0iYxISsfcHUVinNH"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":228,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"辅音","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f540e592612a4386a861f7ad67e4073c","width":453},"text":"","id":"ISiYdkQoGoGQe0xKa7JcQsU3n3d"}],"text":"","id":"SMc2d28g4oE0muxS4CIcteUNn3b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（10）/t∫/ /dʒ/分别谐音“吃”、“之”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SMc2d28g4oE0muxS4CIcteUNn3b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"发音方法：发音时舌身抬高，舌端抵上齿龈后部，气流通过时发出破擦音。/t∫/是清辅音，声带不振动；/dʒ/是浊辅音，声带振动。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"U0gWdO4iMoCAaoxYfM3cC5m6n7b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"单词举例：/t∫/： chalk [tʃɔ:k] n. 粉笔；chair [tʃeər] n. 椅子","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NK0ydWy0SoseSyxGoJMcJWW5nLd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"/dʒ/：page [peɪdʒ] n.页；age [eɪdʒ] n.年龄","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OEesduWwUowgWuxm4gJcL9gGnuc"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":277,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"辅音","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8b628a6b1e514fe0b391ed64c1367954","width":454},"text":"","id":"V86EdgUKGoouEOxqclNcNjX5nCh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":267,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"辅音","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/6d921b622ffa4a38a273f436986ea872","width":445},"text":"","id":"VIo0dGc4yoCimMxU5WBcTgQNnSb"}],"text":"","id":"E0eYdWCA2oa2Q8xADQhcjsCsnVh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(11)/h/ /r/分别谐音“呵”、“若”，省去韵母成分。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"E0eYdWCA2oa2Q8xADQhcjsCsnVh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"发音方法：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"M04md204koiKaQxcjQPccMzznXf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"发/h/这个音时，嘴半开，气流从口腔不受阻碍而出，声带不振动，清辅音。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"K6Kidis8moccGAxjkUjcGKHMncS"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"发/r/这个音时，舌端上卷，靠近上齿龈附近，嘴唇张开并保持略圆状态，气流从口腔涌出，声带振动，属于浊辅音。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Skk8dmsmoog2KwxWIvucX2Yvnyh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"单词举例: /h/： hair [heə(r)] n.头发；hate [heɪt] v.恨，厌恶","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FeIKdecMEoOEEsxC2MDcxzKenug"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"/r/： sorry ['sɒrɪ] v.对不起；write [raɪt] v.写","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AmKEdA6O2oMuaCxQ3hLc0Vauneh"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":285,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"辅音","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ae68233a2f1f4e0bae1ada1aafa601b2","width":455},"text":"","id":"B2IgdUQ0AoYG6wxYVJccq7VMnag"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":690,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"辅音","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b5bc0da8fe7f4de1b056a6e261a0535d","width":1024},"text":"","id":"FoGadAwoIoQ8iux6WegcTMzCnlb"}],"text":"","id":"Tgm6dmyKQoWAASxyMtHcwHwxnwf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"鼻音","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Tgm6dmyKQoWAASxyMtHcwHwxnwf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"点击这个视频学习鼻音发音。《【（21）鼻音 m n ŋ | 英语音标发音口型示范 | 美式发音-哔哩哔哩】 ","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://b23.tv/8P1jfXx"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://b23.tv/8P1jfXx","id":""}],"text":"","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QsmOdYKyAoKyYgxct1YcwrFxnof"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(1)/m/谐音“恩”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GAAmd86QgomQgmxaa0LcUWtJn8c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"发音方法：双唇紧闭，软腭下垂，气流从鼻腔发出，声带震动。闭口音。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ws8udoA2soaccyxaUb3cYEJCnkf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"单词举例：major [ˈmeɪdʒə(r)] adj.主要的；time [taɪm] n.时间","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NGuudoKUeogKgKxS8ZUcakUsnYg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":275,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"鼻音","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f85c67957ccc46bdaa291f21c4945bbf","width":453},"text":"","id":"JSAAdM6wSo6uSUxQzE5cb42LnQd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(2)/n/谐音“呢”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MsCId8QaAou0OwxCavicqQUSnLh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"发音方法：舌尖顶住上齿龈，形成阻碍，气流从鼻腔发出，同时声带震动，开口音。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"E2GAdKKSGoCuWIxQdrXctfW6nvh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"单词举例：nice [naɪc] adj.漂亮的；funny [ˈfʌni] adj.有趣的","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MysCdSuOeoeK8ixaugKcDN72nUf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":302,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"鼻音","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/cf6bbf9b230c4ba385b68bf46687dc48","width":449},"text":"","id":"IKM0duY8Go6u4CxkBlucRm0XnPh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(3)/ŋ/谐音“英”，省去声母部分","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WcoodGMkwoI2YGxIP4ucIJsAnRC"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"发音方法：发音时气流从鼻腔涌出，声带振动。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UWcSd6OUCoq0a8xAV9sc88PznPg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"单词举例： think [θɪŋk] v.想；angel [ˈeɪndʒl] n.天使","id":""}],"text":"","id":"I6YIdO2o0o8w2Ax5e5RcRshSnn9"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":281,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"鼻音","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9be0385b2e8b48298d7c1f70fbddcfcd","width":453},"text":"","id":"Ng62d6MoOo82sUx6k4VcQMB9nYf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"边音","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HuSIdwyEkoMIqCxotU0cFfxbnNb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"点击这个视频学习边音发音。《【真正的国际音标-边音 Lateral-哔哩哔哩】 ","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://b23.tv/G9C7X9F"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://b23.tv/G9C7X9F","id":""}],"text":"","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"C8uCdoCuco8aeGxkXIScGUjtnme"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"/l/谐音“里”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EkeKdas6eoQ8msxawD1cdzE7n6f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"发音方法：舌尖顶住上齿龈，发音时气流从舌面的两侧通过，声带保持震动，属于浊辅音。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RIWkd0eeuoiCGqx6rikckQCtnld"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"单词举例：light [laɪt] n.光线；ball [bɔ:l] n.球","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CuIodIW6goAcIExgblmcWFXXnah"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":260,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"边音","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c8a9eb0ff3c3438e80e649b07a85be15","width":456},"text":"","id":"MoWedis4SokU8cxGSwecIsV7nTh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"半元音","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FOUWdOmoioWWUOxSKvHcytrEnig"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"点击这个视频学习半元音发音。《【BBC英语其他辅音半元音'w'的发音与'v'的区别国际音标发音｜Pronunciation Tips 34 - Other Consonant-哔哩哔哩】 ","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://b23.tv/fC2pYDl"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://b23.tv/fC2pYDl","id":""}],"text":"","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"I8yIdi2Ego4uoyxmUgXcTisJn0c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"/j/谐音“耶”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"J2ScdIcYUouWkWxiojWcdJ1KnJh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"发音方法：发音时声带震动，气流口腔发出。浊辅音，发音口型类似/ i/.","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QmQMd4CA2o0cWYxeKdicdK2bn7c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"单词举例：ye [jes] adv.是的；young [jʌŋ] adj.年轻的","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KEWidUWoGoamgQxmw03cCYVqnkd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":275,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"半元音","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/225dc1955f054974a842c952f4f410d4","width":454},"text":"","id":"ZQasdYIoqosm46xOoZPcbpW9nPd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"/w/谐音“屋”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"M0oudgMQGoOYKQxobhpceOocnjg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"发音方法：嘴唇张开到刚好可以含住一根吸管的程度，并向前微噘起，但上齿不能接触下唇,立刻滑向其后的元音。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"E6sYdKOuGoG2eWxMV8gc1I5Lngc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"单词举例：wish [wɪʃ] ：v. 希望； which [wɪtʃ] ：pron. 哪一个","id":""}],"text":"","id":"N8yMd808YogkeYxS8Bzcw8AnnZe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":299,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"半元音","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/752d066e3d624ac5a0a385ff5a02f131","width":453},"text":"","id":"A2EAdkoKaoKUE8xCUKAcaFHvnrh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"学习步骤","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KGmUduwi2o4WWcxW8UAcAtf6nsh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"抄写","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CyQmdY0woowyiWxQtzSct7zAn95"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"抄写音标，并了解音标特点。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OKeud2iiGoSqEAxWbELcjRpgnqb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"对音标的基本认知","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RaimdAOiYoEG8SxSmf2ceFeonGc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、区别长短音带“：”的音标发音相对较长不带“：”的音标发音相对较短。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Z2ScdmyGqomYqaxyqkdcLdq3nhL"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、区别清辅音和浊辅音核心区别：清辅音声带不震动，浊辅音声带振动。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NYY8dyIYwo8OyAxcjYfcWTgKn3f"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"模仿练习","id":""}],"text":"","id":"V8YAdU2MgoEgOGxKAYHckkUAn0e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"找合适的视频学习学习跟读。例如b站上《【赖世雄48个英语音标朗读示范，美音英音对照版-哔哩哔哩】【","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://b23.tv/sHYQFZ3"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://b23.tv/sHYQFZ3","id":""}],"text":"","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"】》、《【李咏梅老师英语（音标部分）——最牛的初中英语老师！没有之一！李咏梅国际音标（完整版发音篇）-哔哩哔哩】 ","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://b23.tv/U1pmjNE"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://b23.tv/U1pmjNE","id":""}],"text":"","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"》、《【纯正英式发音】这是BBC出品的到现在为止最棒的英语发音教程（完整版）-哔哩哔哩】 ","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://b23.tv/gZzDKl5"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://b23.tv/gZzDKl5","id":""}],"text":"","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"》，以上几个视频都非常不错，详细讲解每个音标的读法。","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"注意视频一定至少跟读5遍，才能确保你的学习效果。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KS4ydK4S6oiIQmxu0vncRSQHnMd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"也可以通过下面这个视频观察发音口型的变化。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IuCAd8Eeao4kYCxCirecwybinKd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"《【48个英语音标示范读音-哔哩哔哩】 ","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://b23.tv/mt9vVaK"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://b23.tv/mt9vVaK","id":""}],"text":"","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CMmAd4gewoQWIUxKQ07cNUeEnPb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、模仿练习，学习国际音标的发音，要注意观察老师的口型，观察发音部位的变化，主动模仿发音，初学可以对着镜子模仿练习，特别是元音发音的舌位高低，口腔开口度大小与音色关系十分密切，可以通过镜子观察口型上的区别，观察舌尖、舌面、舌叶的活动情况，比如u和o、i和e、e和ε等等，掌握准确口腔开口度，对于准确发音具有非常重要的意义。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XcymdwOWCo6CIGxa2tecRpqyncd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、听音训练:学习国际音标需要认识48个音标，通过反反复复的听力练习，达到强化记忆。听音训练，如果有条件，可以多听老师朗读音标，也可以使用录音带反复听音，本课件中的每个音素，都可以循环倾听，强化记忆。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"N242dAYGAoY4MIxCel4c7gT7nOd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、多动口，动口是加强实践的关键和核心，听音也好，模仿也好，比较也好，最终要归结到自己发音这一目标上来，所以勤动口是掌握国际音标发音的关键。俗话说，\"三天不写手生，三天不念口生\"，说的就是要加强动手动口能力的培养。因此学习国际音标，要时时加强语音训练，勤动口，反复实践练习，在实践中比较，在实践中体会差别，做到熟能生巧，这样自然就掌握国际音标的发音了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"C8AGdQweWo6Eq4xwZQpcAzqTnGg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"重点音标讲解","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NYgkdUaewoSIquxc48NcmqD7nQy"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"单元音","id":""}],"text":"","id":"YW4wdUskoocOAwxuatBcuFsWn1d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[i:] =“一”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HgwEd26sEoK8kaxa0MKcjHMRnRc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[ɪ]：[ɪ]开口要比[i:]稍大，注意比较两图口型。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MSyYdOwSUo0k2axkAtYc5sddnbB"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":150,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"单元音","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/424933217c51464b98439d52a906dc79","width":313},"text":"","id":"XAeYdY8kMoOcUmx8IcRck6D9n7b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[e] 嘴张45°，[æ]嘴张90°","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FeQGdy2Smou2O6xURCZcVp3Lnae"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":145,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"单元音","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/6672fd2298724d35a280bead538ac3ae","width":306},"text":"","id":"RmM4dISSQoAMIcxygd5cxr6HnOe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[ɜ:r] [ər]=“二”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TSo6dKsSWo2GYcxZjETc9G1GnDG"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[ə]=额（不卷舌）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HMsmdKmyKoAssoxAzOdc7OWnntg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":169,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"单元音","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/23669fa681c94516b68dbd7dfbeacb30","width":287},"text":"","id":"Fo6QduWAwokykix49KRcfCJmnof"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[ʌ]：开口比“啊”略小","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BGsmdsW6woUimYxOwpucaftfnNc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[ɑ:r]=卷舌的“啊”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"T4q6dQqcMo8UY4x6uROcurTungg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Yc4mdmGSQow40gxqCAGcOvvinBd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":158,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"单元音","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/4a325dcff9bf444c93f02a661b7eb1dc","width":288},"text":"","id":"YI2udUmcEoUO2axUffDc55c0n5b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[ɑ] =“啊”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GOUkd82oyoSQK2xGU3Yc38ITngg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[ɔ] =开口稍大的“哦”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BY4wdeQqqoy6C6xqo3wc8LQdnVh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[ɔ:r]=卷舌的“哦”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VieGd4caOoI2eIxKk63cHfKcnEh"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":110,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"单元音","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/47f4542a00f04f7aae6be6656657cf8c","width":114},"text":"","id":"IE8cdeAC4oMySuxgcAocFfSanZ3"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":110,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"单元音","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/710b04be027845d7be2106e9bbeb33a3","width":104},"text":"","id":"XmK2diS0YoCssGx8z5CcCyTSnad"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":110,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"单元音","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/710b04be027845d7be2106e9bbeb33a3","width":104},"text":"","id":"XmK2diS0YoCssGx8z5CcCyTSnad"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":110,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"单元音","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/89ec169b38a04ab99190b396206e9400","width":98},"text":"","id":"UyMSdui2WoASQExMfVZcTvLqnrd"}],"text":"","id":"T8sYd4Wu8oaAOIxMxS7cIc9snLb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[u:]核心：双唇由半开微突，过渡到合嘴圆唇","id":""}],"text":"","id":"T8sYd4Wu8oaAOIxMxS7cIc9snLb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[ʊ] 发成噘嘴的[ə],气流向外。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"C4EUdoaeCoGgg2xA94WcKc7XnVg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"双元音","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RGS8duyAEoSGqgxas3DcrumNnog"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"双元音较简单，大多数可进行类比，注意双元音的重音在第一个音标，即前一个音读的稍重，后一个音读的较轻。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ww4IdocgUoaaeAxYJjwcra66neh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[eɪ]=“A”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TciidSSSmoKY6MxOmfycHajin1A"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[aɪ]=“I”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QyWEdEi4eo0WC4xYBXWcKXKJn3g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[əʊ]=“O”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OaqodkkAWoIIwixUvLJciK9Dnbg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[ɔɪ]=“哦一”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EIkGdeWMMoCgCKxujKucWEgXnl7"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[ɪə]=ear","id":""}],"text":"","id":"E6Wedoq6Go4KQKx0OLvcGKWAnNe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[eə]=air","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WKsUdcKGSouW0exAVi9cPsZcnWb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[ʊə]=“乌尔”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JMWSdYuUAo84WexU5RncsFdWnYe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"辅音","id":""}],"text":"","id":"I6SAdQWcYoe2WexqIZ7cCguWnbd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"大部分辅音跟“汉语拼音”都有相似之处，直接看视频模仿即可，这里只讲解易错发音。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WOS4dUWgKoegoQxoBW1c0scNnCh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"爆破音：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AGwkdoY06oeKEExaYJdcMIPWnyc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[t] [p] [k] 不要读成[tə] [pə] [kə] 注意：它们声带不震动","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LqIEdUkemo8g6Gx2j13czIRNn4e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"摩擦音：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JAkqdWaUkoe4oQx6CBicKu6JnIf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[f][v] 咬唇音，注意上齿咬下唇","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UMwCdEUkWoQ6uQxwJcscTdTUnrd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":146,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"辅音","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/2ad2d1355a204bcbae724b0dc07ceb1b","width":248},"text":"","id":"QugUdOeOOoC8yAxzSjzcPmdenp5"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[θ][ð]","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BoGUd4UcUoS2eSxig5ac7Oh0nPf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"上下齿轻咬舌头，发音时能看到你的舌头露出","id":""}],"text":"","id":"YesIdOoy4oEWmax6YWXcvXUSn1g"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":125,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"辅音","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/fb45b894066748d99889cbe3cbcf925d","width":239},"text":"","id":"XM0idmGoWosKc0xkOwdckSZZnUx"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[ʃ]=不发音的“诗” [ʒ]= “日”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BC0IdUyW4oiyGqxMzvxcAjzpnIg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":144,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"辅音","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c8f6dc95aeda44ba960be5c6b0ae01ba","width":278},"text":"","id":"DSW8dw0eQoyYAIx87UScLiJbnvh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[r]=撅嘴＋卷舌的“热” [h]=不发音＋舌头平放的“喝”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HMsYdguS0osqikxYJjncCMxjnie"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"鼻音","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QYkOdgowEo6mSExYBRPc5wiznOc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[m] 合嘴","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LeSWdaaQkouGaMxKWxWcL08ense"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[n] 舌前部抵住上颚","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XmKIdKGsiooa6ix6RbecaOExnUd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[ŋ] 嘴巴张开","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Xcusd4giYokcyGxKw8JccJM3nxd"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":114,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"鼻音","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/6809d9fd4d604c999772a6441dca8739","width":157},"text":"","id":"HEw2dqIAYoysEoxiySQcHndjnud"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":114,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"鼻音","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/6fa595b78ba94c89aadb1b2da94aaa69","width":157},"text":"","id":"CiAOdC6iooIYUEx0Yq6cvTGhnGd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":114,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"鼻音","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/6fa595b78ba94c89aadb1b2da94aaa69","width":157},"text":"","id":"CiAOdC6iooIYUEx0Yq6cvTGhnGd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":114,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"鼻音","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/5675b8cf0d67465db9106dd349b765ab","width":165},"text":"","id":"ICYydaeeyosCAQxq6mDcf2cJnvb"}],"text":"","id":"IM4QdgE82oU0wAxkvaac1cYYnPd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"舌侧音[l]","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IM4QdgE82oU0wAxkvaac1cYYnPd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"元音前：跟拼音“l”发音一致元音后：发“l”的前半段","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UAW4dyoO6ouEMwxU9DycGSVfnTd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"半元音","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VYiUdiuoAoc0SkxJxQ7cKyODnHH"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[j] “也”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MiEYdKWOGoYoCsxaALDcfRxtn7d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[w] =圆唇噘嘴的“我”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Eakqd8i8gomqCCx0C5ScvszAn3c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"破擦音","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PWgEdOqSCo2cwaxgnVNcniofnCc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[tʃ]= 不发声的“吃”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QUISdIOmYo8CAEx2xyfcxw1EnMg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[dʒ]= “居”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XGoQdUkewoOKqwxg1NmcNvosncd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[ts]=不发声的“次”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"P8K6ducAkoeSccxsVFec10Icnve"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[dz]=“子”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"V2CSdAm0ioYYcqxADoecjOXUn5T"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[tr] 先发“t”，在发“r”，最后结合在一起","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PMwOdSKYsoO6yyxKW0vcyzhxnBb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[dr] 同上","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PqcCdaYuSosyuIx02oycX1iwnQh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"词汇拼读","id":""}],"text":"","id":"I0GedsKk0oUgoOxuyXccgX1vnGe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、规划拼读任务，拿出单词书或课本词汇表，找只含1~2个音节的单词拼读，20个为一组，每天练习3组，当然如果有时间，多进行几组也OK，加强效果。后期难度逐渐加大。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"YiK6dkyMqoE6KYxcZFecaO2Onic"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、输入法识别词汇，每拼读一个词汇，都对着X飞输入法的语音识别功能朗读，看能否被输入法识别出单词，用机器来检测是否读的准确。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"F82MdiS0OoEyEyxk1SicCu6vnaf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、听词汇跟读，不管输入法识别出单词，还是没识别出单词，都要查手机字典，来听一遍听力，并跟读，模仿语调和轻重读音。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GcOsd4I80oaSsExCYAecvtgonmg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"例如：Cash driver apartment money breakfast lawyer agency ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UAkYd6KyoosOe8xyaEycPumwn0d"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"学习计划","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ig8edugQyogYa8xmCTpcTKcgnRf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、国际音标，一共48个，每天学4个，12天学完，元音和辅音每天各学习两个。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Kk6IdUSM0omgecxaQbkcSsZsnve"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、学完以后结合和音标相关的单词，每天坚持读一个小时，第二天要把第一天的一块儿读，第三天要把前两天的一块儿读，依次类推，坚持学完所有的音标，就可以读字典上任何一个单词。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QG6sdm2M4o68ouxYDuzcFDxhn9g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、长期坚持下去，会发现其实很多字母和音标有着关联，比如ph都发音标f的音，字母u发尖a的音，类似的规律，当大家坚持下来以后会发现很多，同时你甚至可以听到单词的发音就能把单词拼出来，直接就把背单词的问题解决了，音标会读，单词会读，单词会背，听力当然也不再是问题。自己总结出来的规律说明真的学会了，同时自己得出来的结论要比老师直接告诉你印象更深刻，同时最重要的是用起来更容易。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Km8odoYG4omMG2xQjwvctwuOn8e"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"注意事项","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XS6WduK8gocSyQxwpyYc32mDnId"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、了解发音要领，模仿老师口型","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QaWwde6UQoWyyox8b3Yc0PnGngd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"学习语音，一定要注意口型，并仔细揣摩每个音标的发音要领，特别是相似音标的发音区别。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Jii2diISEoMkQixoveicLaPdn7b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"零基础学员不要以为盯着老师的口型就好了，其实发音很多都是内部器官看不到的，所以需要老师正确的发音示范，跟着老师一起读，然后再加上老师给的一些技巧，继续跟读，老师感觉哪有问题，再帮着纠正，这样一系列过程才是练成标准发音的秘籍。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Pow0deEogocwqexqKJOchO9Qnbc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、单词拼读实战，一对一纠正错误","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KqAmdu0E4oWkkExaukOcf14rnHf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"养成一口纯正口语最重要的还是练习练习再练习，单词拼读实战训练，巩固你的发音。不断读，不断纠正，训练单个音标到训练多个单词，在学习语音的过程中，再掌握一些基础的词汇。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"B0cyd2a4kowyACxM4E2cCki4nsi"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、辩音练习，纠正错误，掌握发音规律","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AQWQdmkKmoYcqyxsrTAcvvH8nhy"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"训练难度会随着课程的深入不断加强，但还是训练相同的内容，一节课很多类似的训练内容。音标中很多类似的发音，将相似音放在一起对比再练习，舌头和耳朵在这很重要。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LyKYdA4oIoQC8exa2vjcYOc1nle"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"G4aGdqMEMoO2AGxkzAkcWRvAnHd"}]%3C%2Fhowto_content%3E

3. ps修图技巧？

PS一般指Adobe Photoshop，是由Adobe Systems开发和发行的图像处理软件。修图也即修改图片，将图片进行一定的处理，修调，从而达到需要的效果。

了解界面

菜单栏

顶部区域是菜单栏，将Photoshop所有的操作分为九类，除了【帮助】选项，共九项菜单。如编辑、图像、图层、滤镜。

工具属性栏

蓝色部分称为工具属性栏，左侧工具栏中的每个工具选项都对应不同的工具属性(如下图)，所以选择不同的工具或选择不同的对象时出现的选项也不同。

工具栏

红色区域中的竖长条称为工具栏，也称为工具箱。对图像的修饰以及绘图等工具，都从这里调用。几乎每种工具都有相应的键盘快捷键。

浮动面板

PS的的右上方是浮动面板区域。浮动面板是Photoshop中非常重要的辅助工具，它为图形图像处理提供了各种各样的辅助功能。每个浮动面板都可以用鼠标进行拖拽随意放置符合你工作惯性的地方。

标题栏

标题栏显示的是对工作区命名。

状态栏

包含四个部分，分别为：图像显示比例、文件大小、浮动菜单按钮及工具提示栏。

图层工具栏

包含：图层关联、图层样式、蒙版、滤镜、图层组、图层、删除图层，这7大功能。

工作区

Photoshop可以同时打开多幅图像进行制作，图像之间还可以互相传送数据。在打开的图像间可通过菜单【窗口】底行的图像名称切换，也可以快捷键【CTRL+TAB】完成图像切换。

工作区灰色的区域称为工作区，用来显示制作中的图像。Photoshop可以同时打开多幅图像进行制作，图像之间还可以互相传送数据。在打开的图像间可通过菜单【窗口】底行的图像名称切换，也可以快捷键【CTRL+TAB】完成图像切换。

小窍门

具体每一个工具的名称，只要把鼠标移动到该工具上，旁边就会出现工具名称。

修图方法

使用多个图层

在工作中尽可能地使用多个图层，图层的作用，就是为了方便后期更改，否则Photoshop后期的修图和合成很难一次成型，为了让作品更完美，创作过程中会反复修改，因而最好在每一个关键的部分都新建一个图层。

图层透明度的修改，一般都是在图层上方有个透明度，拉下图层上放的透明度滑块就可以修改了，还有更快的方法，就是选择图层，按下键盘数值可以直接修改透明度，按下数值1就是修改10%的透明度，按下数值2就是修改20%的透明度，按下数值3就是修改30%的透明度，以此类推，可以快速改变图层透明度。

多使用蒙版

能想到删除和擦除这两个动作的地方，都可以用蒙版来代替。

删除和擦除是一种有破坏性的编辑，它们对于图层内容的伤害是不可逆的，而蒙版只是暂时隐藏选中的图像部分。好处在于，可以随时地对该部分图像进行继续隐藏或恢复等操作，并且无论操作多少遍，都对原图没有任何的破坏，蒙版是一种无损的编辑方式。

蒙版的使用方式

首先第一步打开素材，点击快速蒙版按钮。

使用画笔工具，大致选中照片中人像。

再次点击快速蒙版，退出快速蒙版模式，按住Ctrl+shift+I键进行反选。

在顶部菜单栏中执行“选择”-“选择并遮住”（老版本PS叫做调整边缘）。

接下来我们把透明度设为100，边缘检测半径设为60，移动边缘设置为15，选中净化颜色数值设置为57。

接下来选中调整边缘画笔工具，涂抹带有背景图层的位置，设置数值和效果。

多利用智能对象和智能滤镜

在对图像进行放大、缩小、扭曲、旋转和变形等操作时，都会有或多或少损失一部分画质，而将普通图层转化为智能对象后，再进行上述操作时，将保留图像一切的原始特性，不会对图像的原始画质造成任何的破坏，因而，智能对象也是一种无损的编辑方式。

右击图层，跳出来的窗口之后，选择“转换为智能对象”。

一些滤镜没有预览功能，只能设置一次参数看一次效果，如果不满意就得从头开始，使用智能滤镜后就可以很方便地修改滤镜的参数，不透明度和混合模式等。

多利用调整图层

当需要对图层的色阶、亮度，曲线和颜色等做出调整时，如果直接在原图上修改，那么后期将很难再进行调整，调整图层是一个独立图层调整，图层是一个独立图层，在这个图层上可以反复进行多次的无损调整，最终效果不满意，还可以直接删除这个调整图层，然后重新添加一个调整图层，就可以继续对原图层进行调整，这个过程对原图层是没有任何影响的。

多使用快捷键

使用快捷键，是最能提升工作效率的操作，这就好比设置的特殊电话号码，按“1”直接就是打给父母，按“2”就是直接打给妻子。

快捷键位置：

点击打开之后，界面如下：

抠图技巧

1、钢笔工具抠图

钢笔工具适用于外形复杂、不连续、色差不大的图，加工精度高、纯手工放大边界点来抠图，先将需要抠图的素材拖到ps中。

利用快捷键“Ctrl+J”复制一层图层。

选择“钢笔工具”。

接着在需要抠图的地方描点。

将需要抠出来的部分都圈住后点击鼠标右键，选择“建立选区”。

调整羽化半径，根据描点距离图片的距离选择，勾选“消除锯齿”后点击“确定”。

然后建立好选区，可以利用快捷键“Ctrl+C”复制选区的图层。

在一个空白图层利用快捷键“Ctrl+V”粘贴即可完成抠图。

2、魔术棒抠图

魔术棒抠图适用于图像和背景色色差明显，背景单一，图像边界清晰的素材，首先将图片素材利用ps打开

接着点击“魔棒工具”

然后调整容差值为“32”，勾选“连续”和“消除锯齿”

然后利用魔棒工具点击图片的背景区，选择一个区域后点击键盘上的删除键

把背景全部删除后即可完成抠图

3、色彩范围抠图

色彩范围抠图适用于背意景色单一，图像分明、背景无色彩的素材。首先利用Ps打开图片素材

接着点击“选择”选项卡

然后在弹出的选项中选择“色彩范围”

然后用颜色吸管拾取背景色

接着勾选“反相”并点击“确定”

然后会建立一个选区

最后利用快捷键“Ctrl+J”复制一层图层即可完成抠图

4、磁性索套工具抠图

磁性套索抠图适用于图像边界清晰，磁性索套会自动识别并黏附在图像边界上，如果边界模糊处放大了再放置这样就更精确，首先利用ps打开图片素材

然后选择“磁性套索工具”

接着将鼠标移到图像边界处，然后磁性套索工具自动识别并黏附在图像边界上

等磁性套索工具闭合后就将整个图像都选中了

然后利用快捷键“Ctrl+J”复制一层图层即可完成抠图

5、羽化法抠图

羽化法抠图适用于边界清楚的素材，首先利用ps打开图片素材

然后选择“套索工具”

接着利用套索工具将图像选中

然后点击鼠标右键，选择“羽化”

根据套索与图像的距离调整羽化半径，距离较近就调小点，如调整羽化半径为“5”后点击“确定”

然后就将图像抠出来了，但是周围有不需要的部分，可以利用橡皮擦工具擦去

点击选择“橡皮擦工具”

将周围多余的部分擦去即可完成抠图

6、蒙板抠图

蒙板抠图快速并直观适用范围广，首先利用ps打开图片素材

然后利用快捷键“Ctrl+J”复制一层图层

然后选择“图层1”并点击“添加图层蒙版”

接着将前景色调为黑色，背景色调为白色

调好后选择“画笔工具”

调整画笔工具的颜色为黑色，并选择图层蒙版

接着利用画笔工具将背景擦去即可完成抠图，如果不小心将图像擦掉了，可以交换前景色和背景色在擦除即可还原

7、通道抠图

通道抠图适用于色差不大，外形复杂的图形，像毛发及树枝等。首先利用ps打开图片素材

然后利用快捷键“Ctrl+j”复制一层图层

接着点击“通道”

选择并复制一个图像清楚的通道，如“蓝色”

然后点击“图像”选项卡

选择“调整”下的“色阶”

然后调整色阶以增强图像对比度，调整好后点击“确定”

接着选择“快速选择工具”

将图像选中，边界处可以放大在选择

选择好后点击“编辑”选项卡

在弹出来的选项中选择“填充”

将图像填充为背景色即为黑色，点击“确定”

然后选择“图像”选项卡

选择调整下的“反相”将背景设置为白色

接着利用快捷键“Ctrl+J”复制一层图层

接着将图层1和背景的“小眼睛”关闭即可查看抠出来的图像

8、反向抠图

找到图片，点击打开。

点击使用魔棒工具。

点击外部空白区域。

点击右键，点击“选择反向”。

再点击右键，选择通过拷贝（剪切）的图层。

删除背景图层。

如图，抠图完成。

去水印技巧

1、使用仿制图章工具去除

使用仿制图章工具去除文字这是比较常用的方法，具体的操作是，选取仿制图章工具，按住Alt键，在无文字区域点击相似的色彩名图案采样，然后在文字区域拖动鼠标复制以覆盖文字。

要注意的是，采样点即为复制的起始点。选择不同的笔刷直径会影响绘制的范围，而不同的笔刷硬度会影响绘制区域的边缘融合效果。

2、使用修补工具去除文字

如果图片的背景色彩或图案比较一致，使用修补工具就比较方便。

具体操作是：选取修补工具，在公共栏中选择修补项为“源”，关闭“透明”选项。然后用修补工具框选文字，拖动到无文字区域中色彩或图案相似的位置，松开鼠标就完成复制。

修补工具具有自动匹配颜色的功能，复制的效果与周围的色彩较为融合，这是仿制图章工具所不具备的。

3、使用修复画笔工具去除文字

操作的方法与仿制图章工具相似。按住Alt键，在无文字区域点击相似的色彩或图案采样，然后在文字区域拖动鼠标复制以覆盖文字，只是修复画笔工具与修补工具一样，也具有自动匹配颜色的功能，可根据需要进行选用。

4、应用消失点滤镜法

对于一些透视效果较强的画面(如地板)，可以应用“消失点”滤镜进行处理。

操作方法是，框选要处理的文字区域，(防止选区以外的部分也被覆盖)执行菜单命令：滤镜——消失点，进入消失点滤镜编辑界面。

1)选取左边工具栏中的创建面板工具，由地板砖缝交汇处开始，沿着缝隙，依次点四个点，连成一个有透视效果的矩形。然后拖动其边线向右方及下方扩展，令面板完全覆盖文字。

2)选取左边工具栏中的图章工具，按住Alt键点击选取源图像点，待颜色变化后，在文字区域拖动便完成复制。

人像磨皮

首先通过快捷键Ctrl+O键打开一张人物图片，然后通过Ctrl+J键将图片复制一层，在滤镜菜单下找到“Neural Filters...”单击打开。

先开启“皮肤平滑度”按钮，再调整“模糊、平滑度”数值，最后点击确定，以智能对象方式输出。

ps2021新增的平滑度滤镜可以一键识别人物脸部，并进行磨皮，还可以通过智能滤镜进行修改，效果与美颜相机类似。

图片上色技巧

首先我们用ps打开图片。

然后新建一个图层。

将图层混合模式设置为颜色。

接着选择画笔前景色。

然后在图层上使用画笔上色即可。

%3Chowto_content%3E[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"is_abstract":true},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"PS一般指Adobe Photoshop","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"，是由","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"Adobe","id":""},{"type":"text","text":" Systems开发和发行的","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"图像处理软件","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"。修图也即修改图片，将图片进行一定的处理，修调，从而达到需要的效果。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYAMW0C6mMOQwQhP0dNL28g"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"了解界面","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOG0EkeiIAMyaaQpPmd3yS9"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":826,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"了解界面","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/cbb730a375594958bc31935a635022b4","width":1596},"text":"","id":"doxcnUKg0GGgAsoiOAdDp0sfnsg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"菜单栏","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8YcU8m8IWoQScj6Ky9k5We"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"顶部区域是菜单栏，将Photoshop所有的操作分为九类，除了【帮助】选项，共九项菜单。如编辑、图像、图层、滤镜。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn86KQmYaKwg280GZe0wJKBe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"工具属性栏","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSyGWIQk8cAGWQH8T3c5w0g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"蓝色部分称为工具属性栏，左侧工具栏中的每个工具选项都对应不同的工具属性(如下图)，所以选择不同的工具或选择不同的对象时出现的选项也不同。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQmewCaWYgWsCC8fXskrnXf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"工具栏","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnygaE8sK6SeEwWcDB4HzNSe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"红色区域中的竖长条称为工具栏，也称为工具箱。对图像的修饰以及绘图等工具，都从这里调用。几乎每种工具都有相应的键盘快捷键。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyOycekuwMOEg0AlRpZq3Db"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"浮动面板","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWemImGoIEa08kNVt4MCJSd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"PS的的右上方是浮动面板区域。浮动面板是Photoshop中非常重要的辅助工具，它为图形图像处理提供了各种各样的辅助功能。每个浮动面板都可以用鼠标进行拖拽随意放置符合你工作惯性的地方。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCaGmO2C8ieaIC9sLdArsfb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"标题栏","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKoKeoMSkgoU8shBS9SRb0b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"标题栏显示的是对工作区命名。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGsKaAK6eAEgAWizJsn9jIb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"状态栏","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcno6QqC8YsGCeGERK1QSddhb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"包含四个部分，分别为：图像显示比例、文件大小、浮动菜单按钮及工具提示栏。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAeEgCGwwEMQKEz7raWlC9g"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"图层工具栏","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnicwgMqUgKU2YaAjZcIqKPc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"包含：图层关联、图层样式、蒙版、滤镜、图层组、图层、删除图层，这7大功能。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwEUkys2KW6QESYm96yJESf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"工作区","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsYekI4YIWemuWU1kJgM3He"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Photoshop可以同时打开多幅图像进行制作，图像之间还可以互相传送数据。在打开的图像间可通过菜单【窗口】底行的图像名称切换，也可以快捷键【CTRL+TAB】完成图像切换。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneKoKMgaaqS6qglwQt3yo2e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"工作区灰色的区域称为工作区，用来显示制作中的图像。Photoshop可以同时打开多幅图像进行制作，图像之间还可以互相传送数据。在打开的图像间可通过菜单【窗口】底行的图像名称切换，也可以快捷键【CTRL+TAB】完成图像切换。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnww2s66uysCQeI1UqdNLhIf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"小窍门","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnymiqCKK6qGgsYrInYD9s4g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"具体每一个工具的名称，只要把鼠标移动到该工具上，旁边就会出现工具名称。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8K4CsceWySeWQTQQJwfYre"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"修图方法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSqI6MIge4WCckd5FxWi8Ze"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"使用多个图层","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnC6O8AS6c22sUXJbbq2mVog"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在工作中尽可能地使用多个图层，图层的作用，就是为了方便后期更改，否则Photoshop后期的修图和合成很难一次成型，为了让作品更完美，创作过程中会反复修改，因而最好在每一个关键的部分都新建一个图层。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaqE2CwScgQyewWbb1aAgZu"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":762,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"使用多个图层","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/2c5517ab09234513b2b2f05799a40db5","width":1368},"text":"","id":"doxcnU0EKmauyOGeCofXXHSxy9e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"图层透明度的修改，一般都是在图层上方有个透明度，拉下图层上放的透明度滑块就可以修改了，还有更快的方法，就是选择图层，按下键盘数值可以直接修改透明度，按下数值1就是修改10%的透明度，按下数值2就是修改20%的透明度，按下数值3就是修改30%的透明度，以此类推，可以快速改变图层透明度。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOOK2AkICcCA4UfNQ5n0GJg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"多使用蒙版","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnC8WEIciu02I6mAeTSA7X6g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"能想到删除和擦除这两个动作的地方，都可以用蒙版来代替。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGYUuWYG4EGmgegwW5Mx7Zc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"删除和擦除是一种有破坏性的编辑，它们对于图层内容的伤害是不可逆的，而蒙版只是暂时隐藏选中的图像部分。好处在于，可以随时地对该部分图像进行继续隐藏或恢复等操作，并且无论操作多少遍，都对原图没有任何的破坏，蒙版是一种无损的编辑方式。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsmqAyYIqUmi2a86CRuTfSh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"蒙版的使用方式","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAcQkcw6ismOu8UTP2vnIYb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"首先第一步打开素材，点击快速蒙版按钮。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUMgW0UYKEuS48jLUZPXU3d"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":774,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"蒙版的使用方式","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e2f3d57540f64f189a590b560432387c","width":1208},"text":"","id":"doxcnSCwa2eMqG4A8caJul67YXv"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"使用画笔工具，大致选中照片中人像。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWKIsI2OcsyEsgT5eKKNylh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":774,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"蒙版的使用方式","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/34f4af667f5a43d3b7a5e4ed4c2e96e4","width":1208},"text":"","id":"doxcniugsC0kEkS8WOo5q78GWKh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"再次点击快速蒙版，退出快速蒙版模式，按住Ctrl+shift+I键进行反选。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYaSWAc6ymUu0b7CSA8B9J8"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":774,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"蒙版的使用方式","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/fee678d5127b41e48ba7bb984d2cae25","width":1208},"text":"","id":"doxcnAcqcImAY2EiCegiZX6ATRd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在顶部菜单栏中执行","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"“选择”-“选择并遮住”","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"（老版本PS叫做调整边缘）。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngays0EKwIougEd6IBI1eke"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":774,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"蒙版的使用方式","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d215fc438c1f478c9b1ff896851f70ae","width":1208},"text":"","id":"doxcnGcQEICWUqUyMAhrCM7Pu1f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"接下来我们把透明度设为100，边缘检测半径设为60，移动边缘设置为15，选中净化颜色数值设置为57。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKCmmUyMAo0ywgJ6654d7lf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":860,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"蒙版的使用方式","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/6f06f1661ffb48b8b7d3e54283cdf5f2","width":1600},"text":"","id":"doxcnyseYS2iCcug8A33jAYSPgg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"接下来选中调整边缘画笔工具，涂抹带有背景图层的位置，设置数值和效果。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkC4yqUGI6mKO4UkivixuWg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":774,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"蒙版的使用方式","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f2d5cf765dff4193bf845b3c2f6c1abb","width":1208},"text":"","id":"doxcnCUyQuu44ICW4WyoPdIx6zh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"多利用智能对象和智能滤镜","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuyuKSu6mkiOm85ROVzFUre"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在对图像进行放大、缩小、扭曲、旋转和变形等操作时，都会有或多或少损失一部分画质，而将普通图层转化为智能对象后，再进行上述操作时，将保留图像一切的原始特性，不会对图像的原始画质造成任何的破坏，因而，智能对象也是一种无损的编辑方式。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniU0WUWOCuSiQwbZWF1hUSg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"右击图层，跳出来的窗口之后，选择“","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"转换为智能对象","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"”。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKgIksq4ISOoYwpGtO7eDVg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":600,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"多利用智能对象和智能滤镜","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/05b52b80cbe147d0af0eb36ae5324af1","width":900},"text":"","id":"doxcncWGsqCyCeMEeAvWm702ydf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一些滤镜没有预览功能，只能设置一次参数看一次效果，如果不满意就得从头开始，使用智能滤镜后就可以很方便地修改滤镜的参数，不透明度和混合模式等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkCsQSa0W4MeAAd91Np2rEe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":600,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"多利用智能对象和智能滤镜","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/12f67e55bc50454ca3f9f8aadb85400a","width":900},"text":"","id":"doxcnIoCmwWum4kUI2hcuQQSvCd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"多利用调整图层","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8yEEWcwy2MkACASV3pQ8Pd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"当需要对图层的色阶、亮度，曲线和颜色等做出调整时，如果直接在原图上修改，那么后期将很难再进行调整，调整图层是一个独立图层调整，图层是一个独立图层，在这个图层上可以反复进行多次的无损调整，最终效果不满意，还可以直接删除这个调整图层，然后重新添加一个调整图层，就可以继续对原图层进行调整，这个过程对原图层是没有任何影响的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcny4KUSAkcmUA4ySxWii7mUq"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":770,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"多利用调整图层","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/a2497a2012144bf5afbae8016466e77f","width":1202},"text":"","id":"doxcn6204OCm62YAOkjxs3VTYZg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"多使用快捷键","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKuiWwwUSMcWSewGmyZ1lZb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"使用快捷键，是最能提升工作效率的操作，这就好比设置的特殊电话号码，按“1”直接就是打给父母，按“2”就是直接打给妻子。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn06yi8g8YQ6aquU8A5bhxif"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"快捷键位置：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyWcgey0YucoWsPaYVWTxGh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":860,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"多使用快捷键","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/cc0e28b7b76e491e868ffd4bdb566186","width":1600},"text":"","id":"doxcnYK84U8qSAC0OyeqXHkiiff"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"点击打开之后，界面如下：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2GSYYisYG6s0QNfmjqaVah"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":696,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"多使用快捷键","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/577dd7d3fc74439a9c96377246291cfd","width":854},"text":"","id":"doxcnoIqs2QAMaU2Gwjf7lzkYTb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"抠图技巧","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIo2AOwKGmmwOOMr2WRiWEh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、钢笔工具抠图","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsOk80mGUKmSUEPNgqKi3Bb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"钢笔工具适用于","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"外形复杂、不连续、色差不大","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"的图，加工精度高、纯手工放大边界点来抠图，先将需要抠图的素材拖到ps中。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnC8agkse4uueoO405cq8sTg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":309,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"1、钢笔工具抠图","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/bb0efde606924de7a3eec50587140544","width":620},"text":"","id":"doxcnSIiiM6i8E00MoFPem1Q2sb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"利用快捷键“Ctrl+J”复制一层图层。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEUc4sQioIC246LIJElSTVc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":309,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"1、钢笔工具抠图","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ace839bf337b4b57a180841dec62feec","width":620},"text":"","id":"doxcnYGaYkGSCSyAgQHoiQvrsng"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"选择“钢笔工具”。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSakKakCkmUCEWgLBxzLcJb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":309,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"1、钢笔工具抠图","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/238162f185c74755a8503a582b9e503d","width":620},"text":"","id":"doxcniIqAieIwSwKIcVHrPq7Ltc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"接着在需要抠图的地方描点。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaaykeiG2Ww6sMAIelrKytb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":309,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"1、钢笔工具抠图","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b22c6a3b10b84a53a150b08eace53dc3","width":620},"text":"","id":"doxcnQY6wuMusAwIuWqUKylEUSc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"将需要抠出来的部分都圈住后点击鼠标右键，选择“建立选区”。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcni4IICeaeKMmmIvmZVySYWh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":302,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"1、钢笔工具抠图","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/615d8e4b77b34ecaa544814b23345554","width":620},"text":"","id":"doxcnCq6CMYM2IMS8IVv1j1JS2c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"调整羽化半径，根据描点距离图片的距离选择，勾选“消除锯齿”后点击“确定”。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2AWiMUcC4kQmgPzo4Ts0Ob"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":309,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"1、钢笔工具抠图","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e6719189fd834f2bb30df500fe6ca224","width":620},"text":"","id":"doxcnegeKG6E260q4qW8YzyKG5f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"然后建立好选区，可以利用快捷键“Ctrl+C”复制选区的图层。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYEYau68Guw8UMRcxNfBPGg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":306,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"1、钢笔工具抠图","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b56a62a3a4404de2a2888677d7f83e11","width":620},"text":"","id":"doxcnEIKmKaSkiiAe4NT4wQrB6f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在一个空白图层利用快捷键“Ctrl+V”粘贴即可完成抠图。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneI8sQmYkW06SKlullxadrb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":306,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"1、钢笔工具抠图","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b329b3d23a2b4bdf81d0910e7ddd6984","width":620},"text":"","id":"doxcnaG82gQ8yGM4SasDyCU3oLh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、魔术棒抠图","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqiqgSIy6Qy488FG2RXwfib"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"魔术棒抠图适用于图像和背景色色差明显，背景单一，图像边界清晰的素材，首先将图片素材利用ps打开","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqoAmEQ2EqsIagNCTUZyoVh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":309,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"2、魔术棒抠图","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b1cf71f6ca82454fab549fa5acfb28da","width":620},"text":"","id":"doxcne2a2ouQ0KUiMcTpgsNiWwV"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"接着点击“魔棒工具”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmesYQ0q2IwuAYF17aMpYng"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":282,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"2、魔术棒抠图","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/759210b584324000ab9ec84a74d85642","width":620},"text":"","id":"doxcneuSs406CWe0O04EtdQkoGb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"然后调整容差值为“32”，勾选“连续”和“消除锯齿”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniOKswUyAgUUkCeVN1MutBd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":308,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"2、魔术棒抠图","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c71997b248484c038ce669382f61a650","width":620},"text":"","id":"doxcn04WE0i02KQuC4LKORjIHnf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"然后利用魔棒工具点击图片的背景区，选择一个区域后点击键盘上的删除键","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWEIkSIEyICKWkP0IqFBnTc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":309,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"2、魔术棒抠图","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d21f144d49024cfaad8220c4671e5ba0","width":620},"text":"","id":"doxcnoaimWI0IEeIK1vOJ6waDxS"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"把背景全部删除后即可完成抠图","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOysweGCkKoKqAdNAxmYYgh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":287,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"2、魔术棒抠图","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/166e6f120ae745b48a3c6c6011f4cbb8","width":620},"text":"","id":"doxcn6y6a4CGg0wCQsRjgKATuRg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、色彩范围抠图","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnA0u4isa6WQswYjmnwNfH6d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"色彩范围抠图适用于背意景色单一，图像分明、背景无色彩的素材。首先利用Ps打开图片素材","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngmWMmWQa0Sqcm0pw3Ws6Mh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":296,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"3、色彩范围抠图","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/71570a429f5f4bb184d9fb74afb9ce34","width":620},"text":"","id":"doxcnauaege4yYGoGg1tx6kBp2f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"接着点击“选择”选项卡","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQqOWEEyyUKESie00SP40Dh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":309,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"3、色彩范围抠图","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/2c16efc46559485cbc586dd5e60e6357","width":620},"text":"","id":"doxcnguOW2eeuY4iWQF5bpZMvXd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"然后在弹出的选项中选择“色彩范围”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcns0G6IC0Sk6eaUXDEXpXklc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":309,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"3、色彩范围抠图","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/24cd27340fc24d2db4d1154b0b7f6d7f","width":620},"text":"","id":"doxcnIaowcMcS4E4YIZTmbP2Ieh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"然后用颜色吸管拾取背景色","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniYAYGQ4ksO8cq8GXb4EONd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":309,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"3、色彩范围抠图","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c5c1c4d947794782ad7d7f7da64de2e5","width":620},"text":"","id":"doxcnkusQQO2uqKsiotinsAz22g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"接着勾选“反相”并点击“确定”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnes0iGOaeoQEyofAiCBLR3b"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":309,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"3、色彩范围抠图","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/3fcd657f20604326b149b23414039d56","width":620},"text":"","id":"doxcnwwyc2AyEuMoYczSpzPkIEd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"然后会建立一个选区","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsE6wOuicCqimAXwdtl33Db"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":309,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"3、色彩范围抠图","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/81ade10128b2473ba6ce71b349c52c51","width":620},"text":"","id":"doxcnskCGC04aYEkoY92xTqqvwc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"最后利用快捷键“Ctrl+J”复制一层图层即可完成抠图","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCyYg0gYaSwSWo3yFZBw5lc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":275,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"3、色彩范围抠图","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0290690d608c4532b5f759bddbb79886","width":620},"text":"","id":"doxcn4Eo64iOqYO40yigLw44AKe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、磁性索套工具抠图","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcng8y846Ia6EY4UxD3m5olmc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"磁性套索抠图适用于图像边界清晰，磁性索套会自动识别并黏附在图像边界上，如果边界模糊处放大了再放置这样就更精确，首先利用ps打开图片素材","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyacsuacikWsiohsAZNgxqe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":309,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"4、磁性索套工具抠图","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c402dba54db347538b96020dfefe5331","width":620},"text":"","id":"doxcnKEOiOMcQqkMCsxnhBcXpQg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"然后选择“磁性套索工具”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGY4wI4acSG4Y4MV68bzcBb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":309,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"4、磁性索套工具抠图","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/1d5b20991ca844a5800e8c8ccab1f123","width":620},"text":"","id":"doxcnyMWqYMgMiCYYYgnuKY6S3K"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"接着将鼠标移到图像边界处，然后磁性套索工具自动识别并黏附在图像边界上","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnS22gkCA6aGO0Ecy5Czlpkb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":308,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"4、磁性索套工具抠图","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ee2dbeb14f6a44a3b01d7a45ef57b7d4","width":620},"text":"","id":"doxcnuCa8WuUisisME1xCWMJuSh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"等磁性套索工具闭合后就将整个图像都选中了","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngqQcoAKCQoAG48G24MFG9c"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":308,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"4、磁性索套工具抠图","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/6fb810e6ad234b92a3847dccc58d322f","width":620},"text":"","id":"doxcn0MkEQCCeaaCWO61XaDdTTg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"然后利用快捷键“Ctrl+J”复制一层图层即可完成抠图","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaAaAYycUwQ0KamCxP3Y3We"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":309,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"4、磁性索套工具抠图","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b9a4ca2774ff441a8f0e5d68b65ee128","width":620},"text":"","id":"doxcnQOaQAgIsGsyQ0dIgBULb4Z"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、羽化法抠图","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWO80MSSCGm6Ck9ENI1Nlld"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"羽化法抠图适用于边界清楚的素材，首先利用ps打开图片素材","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn48cGaSmCms8Y8bxaatSUOd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":286,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"5、羽化法抠图","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/6863426519b94ac080c6034b5672e5f7","width":620},"text":"","id":"doxcnqaw8umsCU0iAMx2Et7rgBd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"然后选择“套索工具”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQgk2Cgw4qKu0UFY7ohlSNh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":308,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"5、羽化法抠图","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/706e08ac036d45629671cea1d02ea55e","width":620},"text":"","id":"doxcnQWkWE8uAWymG4LaY7oFMCf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"接着利用套索工具将图像选中","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMqWOy88SKswWQdb6UpYFSd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":287,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"5、羽化法抠图","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0fe4aea767234ccd97c8ff49358031d8","width":620},"text":"","id":"doxcneG0AwKEySaMwa0idN5simg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"然后点击鼠标右键，选择“羽化”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsSYECKG2c80OYHFf92Kffc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":309,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"5、羽化法抠图","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/fc90d0bbfda64923aaf1db8c37373a93","width":620},"text":"","id":"doxcnCu2W8IQeuwsKcTWTDaHoXd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"根据套索与图像的距离调整羽化半径，距离较近就调小点，如调整羽化半径为“5”后点击“确定”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0AwuoAkQO0eICAqX1eJDHg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":282,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"5、羽化法抠图","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/1b5e08876bb14efcbd24a654ebc61435","width":620},"text":"","id":"doxcnMo0IWSo0E0kCcNrtBMrj8f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"然后就将图像抠出来了，但是周围有不需要的部分，可以利用橡皮擦工具擦去","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkGEEy26OgEkU0QMIdhxJLb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":309,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"5、羽化法抠图","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/4ec5d162a7824f1985818ca7166226ec","width":620},"text":"","id":"doxcnO2OYoMQiKeW4aQBz3D4Azh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"点击选择“橡皮擦工具”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKUGsu2Ao0qU4iYNyQSgAHg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":291,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"5、羽化法抠图","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/6afcb9633b374c35b74666b9c246cc84","width":620},"text":"","id":"doxcnAwiQKESoSeygekAxcPh5id"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"将周围多余的部分擦去即可完成抠图","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYqUSki6Owmmcc5Goi2iLDh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":309,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"5、羽化法抠图","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b33394022c41427d9794dbb25cee5f01","width":620},"text":"","id":"doxcnw6E4S2aaM6WUugizrmmpIg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、蒙板抠图","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwsEqgASs8gAKyyCLoC3Uag"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"蒙板抠图快速并直观适用范围广，首先利用ps打开图片素材","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4m2M2AesaIUw8V0pTbKQ7c"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":306,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"6、蒙板抠图","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f392ec95cd434aab8dd55bc35946f996","width":620},"text":"","id":"doxcnOmu8EgsqEICuqsHI3eOVJg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"然后利用快捷键“Ctrl+J”复制一层图层","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnauWOCGGWuCkcak5wsZF4Mf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":309,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"6、蒙板抠图","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/58352257766f40be977ee82281fa4f94","width":620},"text":"","id":"doxcnuOQEcqMuaKIWw9RmxeQJ2g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"然后选择“图层1”并点击“添加图层蒙版”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSwgwUSeUQeWgUJVgnnWJRb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":309,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"6、蒙板抠图","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/09b381cdca1a4fc39190fc5a7a393f92","width":620},"text":"","id":"doxcnAYgQwsMKS6KmS3ck9InNZr"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"接着将前景色调为黑色，背景色调为白色","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyOQk8yGQOGqIsZBvsdZBpd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":309,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"6、蒙板抠图","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/3f6d0f5efd0a4d40994f84ea03b3d5fb","width":620},"text":"","id":"doxcnOUAG2Q0Ce2YcO6TnOFCULe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"调好后选择“画笔工具”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6weqWk4U2ywwm2cPxZGjSg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":309,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"6、蒙板抠图","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/fc5885bf161d46bd861dcd088e575bd7","width":620},"text":"","id":"doxcnQWcSgmguYWQeABlqZs2Vrd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"调整画笔工具的颜色为黑色，并选择图层蒙版","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6O2GSI0QW8IugFwgcgxhgh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":309,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"6、蒙板抠图","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/415b43f0653048399dab34ddf471e92c","width":620},"text":"","id":"doxcnEW4gC8auO6km2QBnZL6kir"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"接着利用画笔工具将背景擦去即可完成抠图，如果不小心将图像擦掉了，可以交换前景色和背景色在擦除即可还原","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneoWYmKoic0kcYv4x95ENde"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":309,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"6、蒙板抠图","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8ad4f92fa0954955bb532b6b0b99dd70","width":620},"text":"","id":"doxcn2isooEiumwyE6n0CAEZCtd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"7、通道抠图","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAsaIamecEioCi8ofF8Pdlf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"通道抠图适用于色差不大，外形复杂的图形，像毛发及树枝等。首先利用ps打开图片素材","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUi0AiySea24MCerVjklnxf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":309,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"7、通道抠图","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/fa13b8871c774b21a88f1966e695f586","width":620},"text":"","id":"doxcnG0QkkusMcG00u85nIFsJZe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"然后利用快捷键“Ctrl+j”复制一层图层","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGmY8YmiGGS6I0dFPPOJKeb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":309,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"7、通道抠图","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/194bab26e21243dc9437bfb33bd7568b","width":620},"text":"","id":"doxcn4224u4OeM84s0ChazCCWoe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"接着点击“通道”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnysmUW2UukEY4uMwYf6y7Ue"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":309,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"7、通道抠图","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c297665af2144b9dab4bcc910c816bff","width":620},"text":"","id":"doxcnMQeWywmWUUIWK6ookCQnTe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"选择并复制一个图像清楚的通道，如“蓝色”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGAii62uUQkAOAjUCDbvR9f"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":309,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"7、通道抠图","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/23ae2d18ed2a42a9adf3bae6c17f7da4","width":620},"text":"","id":"doxcnqsG2gGeCQswWoPBzmah0uf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"然后点击“图像”选项卡","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnM2SUQcEKCWWSWAlM8bLMHb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":306,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"7、通道抠图","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/302f8c37878146ed953f82099a94d120","width":620},"text":"","id":"doxcnEguEeagO0ca22zYoo0Spfb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"选择“调整”下的“色阶”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaCyiAQsiYqUKWQE2FAwJFc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":299,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"7、通道抠图","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/766d325aea00439f860809da1288e7b2","width":620},"text":"","id":"doxcn6KcQieI2co4iEvR6NwZ8ng"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"然后调整色阶以增强图像对比度，调整好后点击“确定”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6iwWiSQmaQgeqM4s1D2NNb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":309,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"7、通道抠图","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/5aa2d2093f9d4a0c92bff4cd021e4e95","width":620},"text":"","id":"doxcnuAGAgUiQqsGEOe02JeAfPe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"接着选择“快速选择工具”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUIc0SeeWYCy4z6Ea4yhIHQ"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":299,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"7、通道抠图","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/04fc9b864bcc4a66bf53e5d3454de11b","width":620},"text":"","id":"doxcnCW06q8gqYEYYKipjhwK1Fd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"将图像选中，边界处可以放大在选择","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOWOS6MqUmWGIAdVKWGHHhd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":308,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"7、通道抠图","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/fa61bce7e18f4c6a9a6921ee6ee2530e","width":620},"text":"","id":"doxcnQ2eYW4qqeis0KxNNSu8znb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"选择好后点击“编辑”选项卡","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMcQSMu46WysiiErgqbFjxf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":309,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"7、通道抠图","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/5942008dbec8465d9ad99fd2019c0c4f","width":620},"text":"","id":"doxcn6CimIym4IOYKyozyrZEW8d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在弹出来的选项中选择“填充”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmQu0i8IYiQU6Smj9HzMoKe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":274,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"7、通道抠图","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/239f954ba418483eb5e8872cce72611a","width":620},"text":"","id":"doxcnMWigc2y8ycWCOGufGyz3Lf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"将图像填充为背景色即为黑色，点击“确定”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMqGYu0mImuIEIzq8OjGkeb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":309,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"7、通道抠图","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7e87e0d56c8f42fba700dde9a4ca8dbe","width":620},"text":"","id":"doxcn04oIWQC24OIC8jDowQmZ1g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"然后选择“图像”选项卡","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUcUMIOa8e6mYEjzRgktgHe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":309,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"7、通道抠图","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/5691633bb9dd45ecbaf8c07e0701079f","width":620},"text":"","id":"doxcnW840O8UiYKWEuwWxuUyXJb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"选择调整下的“反相”将背景设置为白色","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngmAQggs6kYkIiC67hxdKzf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":305,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"7、通道抠图","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/69327dbd9c744f2c9488846097338a05","width":620},"text":"","id":"doxcnwOeWKoeaIo06uD9Uomob8A"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"接着利用快捷键“Ctrl+J”复制一层图层","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCkkskgi8yI2cwHZmuRRALe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":309,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"7、通道抠图","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9bc06712978847159fa8f3e03489aff4","width":620},"text":"","id":"doxcnmOsu8gCsoeUYuOtlWCs6nc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"接着将图层1和背景的“小眼睛”关闭即可查看抠出来的图像","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIaaIEU4eimKcYwnFgfW1Pz"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":294,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"7、通道抠图","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/5a80fc1bdc204618896ca38f67f49941","width":620},"text":"","id":"doxcnOEyo2AK844oUcvMWGsWsgh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"8、反向抠图","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSIgW6QkCgEuWXak0UNJePX"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"找到图片，点击打开。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcna62IsAUg4CIEMd2p7GgLjh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":498,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"8、反向抠图","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/a75a2014501144b8a2de02a4ab5bbfeb","width":529},"text":"","id":"doxcnmUa4cCmOSSKy0KhVor5yUc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"点击使用魔棒工具。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnimCwQcU4meMmyemchp46Df"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":421,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"8、反向抠图","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e37c1d7562be465aa7fd67d5e4b853ac","width":617},"text":"","id":"doxcnsUi4e2iUkWcUCClc19hneg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"点击外部空白区域。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnC606iauewWu6qe4hvA8ASe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":563,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"8、反向抠图","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/81bc47e4392445d499443a76866253a2","width":620},"text":"","id":"doxcnKMwiGCOug8yKuskjEjRrcg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"点击右键，点击“选择反向”。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEG8qQAeMm82I2NqLPv2jgc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":408,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"8、反向抠图","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/596a226aed334eba854b6e8e1a4d2eb8","width":620},"text":"","id":"doxcnUwMy4Q8sQKSiSQxAA827Cc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"再点击右键，选择通过拷贝（剪切）的图层。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqyIS4SMwwKEEMpixUraiTh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":464,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"8、反向抠图","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/4b1462c3ee3d423db1c8fdcb37a0c2bb","width":620},"text":"","id":"doxcnUG8CeQOiyasSijiYrEtb41"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"删除背景图层。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkyeWEksi2ugSAljRYHR7hg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":250,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"8、反向抠图","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c78068717f2a49c49aed9c5587149bc3","width":515},"text":"","id":"doxcn8Ek6caQyEe0wSgLzKo6nKc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如图，抠图完成。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUMkGK4i8AemUqInky4R3Qf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":535,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"8、反向抠图","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/fef2b6d31da5433bb511519a4cb531f9","width":620},"text":"","id":"doxcnEkWWeuWE4GcI4nSAFWH2kg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"去水印技巧","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOI6ESY2YGGQomOR8UcHzad"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、使用仿制图章工具去除","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqGWu8a0ik4igqoU9qvVBQb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"使用仿制图章工具去除文字这是比较常用的方法，具体的操作是，选取仿制图章工具，按住Alt键，在无文字区域点击相似的色彩名图案采样，然后在文字区域拖动鼠标复制以覆盖文字。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOqWyuYea44Q4I9TqsXW0Nb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"要注意的是，采样点即为复制的起始点。选择不同的笔刷直径会影响绘制的范围，而不同的笔刷硬度会影响绘制区域的边缘融合效果。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEcYo8OcSO4qKYlzU2h2rsh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":676,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"1、使用仿制图章工具去除","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/62ff8457e09f4a9fb4e2c6e17bdc0ebc","width":1494},"text":"","id":"doxcnIkEseegmY8g6wnxFYklZeh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、使用修补工具去除文字","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIcmiWq8Y6sqgU5i1pEfwpb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如果图片的背景色彩或图案比较一致，使用修补工具就比较方便。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWIUIq6cy6I8SPhZQGV4FED"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"具体操作是：选取修补工具，在公共栏中选择修补项为“源”，关闭“透明”选项。然后用修补工具框选文字，拖动到无文字区域中色彩或图案相似的位置，松开鼠标就完成复制。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYkM0q2S86GAgkT0GGjzZdf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"修补工具具有自动匹配颜色的功能，复制的效果与周围的色彩较为融合，这是仿制图章工具所不具备的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcng6gw6SGaOcuU698b1CZuRb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":720,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"2、使用修补工具去除文字","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/1a31e7aab8bd43d58f7c309c62bd9c7e","width":1246},"text":"","id":"doxcnEQckoagucCGQmM7bnAu6Ic"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、使用修复画笔工具去除文字","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqmuMg8yaMM04SebLmvwigf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"操作的方法与仿制图章工具相似。按住Alt键，在无文字区域点击相似的色彩或图案采样，然后在文字区域拖动鼠标复制以覆盖文字，只是修复画笔工具与修补工具一样，也具有自动匹配颜色的功能，可根据需要进行选用。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneqG8cuAc2cSq6UmSGJ8N4g"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":756,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"3、使用修复画笔工具去除文字","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/4db313a79b314918ab8b90c681b88911","width":1386},"text":"","id":"doxcngaOcQum4ewQEAJhg5NFUue"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、应用消失点滤镜法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMekkyoU4auuWaUDWeqWelb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"对于一些透视效果较强的画面(如地板)，可以应用“消失点”滤镜进行处理。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnism864IIuWK2wVjeEVbrSa"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"操作方法是，框选要处理的文字区域，(防止选区以外的部分也被覆盖)执行菜单命令：滤镜——消失点，进入消失点滤镜编辑界面。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKqi86OoyeEEQyMpOTLH0Me"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1)选取左边工具栏中的创建面板工具，由地板砖缝交汇处开始，沿着缝隙，依次点四个点，连成一个有透视效果的矩形。然后拖动其边线向右方及下方扩展，令面板完全覆盖文字。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQEOmQo0CScIuQAJfrnA5qb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2)选取左边工具栏中的图章工具，按住Alt键点击选取源图像点，待颜色变化后，在文字区域拖动便完成复制。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwsAKEcwoe8aMy4ZoXLKEjc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":814,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"4、应用消失点滤镜法","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c8298b0216b04e7bbe540504c5596477","width":1104},"text":"","id":"doxcnUgqsCSIE22M8AdH9jb2FGg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"人像磨皮","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAcAiOqw4I2ogqSAK4J9Caf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"首先通过快捷键Ctrl+O键打开一张人物图片，然后通过Ctrl+J键将图片复制一层，在滤镜菜单下找到“","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"Neural Filters...","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"”单击打开。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneWwwGyCmoQqAeYgfsygQGf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":783,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"人像磨皮","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d2511fe647024db28616225624acf15c","width":1115},"text":"","id":"doxcnIKS8A8sIYyqcaKA65mXP8d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"先开启“皮肤平滑度”按钮，再调整“模糊、平滑度”数值，最后点击确定，以智能对象方式输出。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnq6kwiu6AC4WkC8TBIKASah"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":753,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"人像磨皮","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/43c245f6293b4b7e892530d9d3fe0cae","width":1092},"text":"","id":"doxcnqM6KOigAUISSOuOso7VVmg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"ps2021新增的平滑度滤镜可以一键识别人物脸部，并进行磨皮，还可以通过智能滤镜进行修改，效果与美颜相机类似。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYAk8s2iES6uSaArclZ65Ng"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":753,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"人像磨皮","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ac439eb02ef04e20ab2d891a299c5ee7","width":1092},"text":"","id":"doxcnoKoAkGS0qQeQ4Ah54hrkId"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"图片上色技巧","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniAKCuGii8qK8vHXZleNPm7"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"首先我们用ps打开图片。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaUouuiCqQAc0UxyRVH7Wef"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":550,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"图片上色技巧","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d39d1a2db2754c3c9efbada903759711","width":1200},"text":"","id":"doxcnQa0IuigSQUkKs2PHjmfIYH"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"然后新建一个","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"图","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"层。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUgkaKsc2gqiko9PNa1Cclg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":502,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"图片上色技巧","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ab59b1f0b99c46f7af7a26588aa9e24f","width":1100},"text":"","id":"doxcn0kwGouWeY2ww8X3qZekIBd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"将图层混合模式设置为颜色。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0MsM0Q8A4MSCK6iCIwwDsh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":433,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"图片上色技巧","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/bd72fb60fac0484d91f5aeaab0bac46f","width":670},"text":"","id":"doxcnuw0yGc4iyIKaEdMQKrjTPd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"接着选择画笔前景色。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoiE6ISsQyUOSEEtfNbN4Yf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":548,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"图片上色技巧","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/48684d4be4634a83b1b1a3c16efa7e2f","width":1200},"text":"","id":"doxcn684O2qgIW8cSusMinAkiQc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"然后在图层上使用画笔上色即可。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMSicoEMmoyAeycrBK4i8ed"}]%3C%2Fhowto_content%3E

4. 爱已离去的中文音译歌词？

She’s gone (爱已离去):

[Kyu Hyun]ne ge seo eon jje bu teo ji chin ggeol gga

【奎贤】什么时候开始，在我身边感到疲倦了呢

nan ne ge mu eo seul him ddeul ge han geol gga

是我让你辛苦了吗

[Sung Min]deo i sang a mu reon mal do deo ha ji an neun neo e ge

【晟敏】在再也没有说什么的你的面前

i je neun mu reul su do eob neun nae ga dwae beo rin ggeol

恐怕现在的我，甚至已经变得连问都不可以了

[Dong Hae]heu nan tu jeong do han beon eob si

【东海】就连曾经寻常的撒娇也一次都没有

geu jeo neon cha kan mi so ro woot seo ju neun

只是用你善良的微笑

[Kang In]geu nu ne seu chi neun seul peum not chyeo beo rin ggeon

【强仁】来掩盖从眼里掠过悲伤

[Yeh Sung]mu sim haet ddeon mi ryeon ha min ggeol mi an hae my love

【艺声】或许是我无心的愚蠢对不起my love

[All]do ra seo neun neo reul bo myeo sa rang i geo tyeo ga deon

【全体】看着转过身去的你，爱情已经消逝

[Ryeo Wook]si ga ni i je ya nae ge do bo i go it jji man

【丽旭】虽然现在你还在我身旁

[All]i byeo ri ran sun ggan cheo reom o neon ggeo ra saeng ga kaet jji

【全体】我却似乎已经看到了将要离别的瞬间

[Kyu Hyun]nae ge i reo ke seu myeo deul go it seot dda neun geol mol rat seot seo

【奎贤】我不曾知道，你曾经如此深爱着我

[Dong Hae]da si doe dol ril su it dda myeon...

【东海】如果，你能重新回来……

[Kang In]a ni han beon man da si woot seo jun dda myeon...

【强仁】不，哪怕只是再一次向我微笑（该有多好）……

[Sung Min]hon jja seo ji chin ni ma meul an jji mo tan ggeon

【晟敏】曾经不能抚慰你疲倦于独自一人的心

[Ryeo Wook]eo ri seo geun ja jon si min ggeol mi an hae my love

【丽旭】大概是因为我愚蠢的自尊心吧，对不起，my love

[All]cha ga wo jin neo reul bo myeo i byeo ri beon jjyeo ga neun

【全体】看着渐渐变得冷漠的你

[Yeh Sung]sun gga neul i je neun eo jjeol su eob seu meul nan al ji man

【艺声】我知道现在，对于即将蔓延开的离别，我已经无能为力

[All]sa rang i ran i reu meu ro seo seo hi mul deul ddae cheo reom

【全体】我不知道，就像爱情曾经渐渐浸染开来一样

[Kang In]nae ge sa rang i ddeo na ga go it seot dda neun ggeol mol rat seot seo

【强仁】它现在已经渐渐离我而远去

[Yeh Sung]mi a na da neun mal jo cha do

【艺声】就连对你说出对不起的话

[Kyun Hyun]i reo ke na mi an han de

【奎贤】也这样让我感到抱歉

[Dong Hae]i reon nae ga mu suen ma reul eo ddeo ke hae ya hal gga

【东海】那么这样的我又该说些什么呢

[Kyu Hyun]sum jjo cha swil su eob seul man keu meo ji reo wo

【奎贤】晕沉得就连呼吸也变得困难

[Ryeo Wook]not chyeo beo rin si gan so geul seo dul reo he mae eo bwa do

【丽旭】然而即使慌忙地在流逝过的时光里徘徊

[Yeh Sung]i je wa hal su it neun geon eob dda neun geo seul...

【艺声】到了此刻，却什么都已无能为力了

[All]do ra seo neun neo reul bo myeo sa rang i geo tyeo ga deon

【全体】看着转过身去的你，爱情已经消逝

[Kyu Hyun]si ga ni i je ya nae ge do bo i go it jji man

【奎贤】虽然现在你还在我身旁

[All]i byeo ri ran sun ggan cheo reom o neon ggeo ra saeng ga kaet jji

【全体】我却似乎已经看到了将要离别的瞬间

[Ryeo Wook]nae ge i reo ke

【丽旭】我不曾知道

[Yeh Sung]seu myeo deul go it seot dda neun geol mol rat seot seo

【艺声】你曾经如此深爱着我

Sapphire blue (有心愿吗):

Huh, This is real love story

From now till on,

I'm not gonna be shy

I'm a tell you how I feel

neo mu na haeng bo ke ggum sso ge it neun

多么幸福的梦里

gu reu mwi ro chak ryu ke deo deul ddeo it neun gi bun

降落在云端漂浮着的心情

meol ri seo bon ddae do a ra bol su it neun

远远地看的话也能明白

ne ma meul ga jyeo gan geu e ge da ga seol ge

正向着夺去我心的她靠近

go bae geul ha go si peun geo jyeo

好想告白啊

sa rang eul bat ggo si peun geo jyeo

好想你接受我的心

mo du wo na go ddo ba raet ddeo nil

什么都想要还有那曾经期望过的事

so wo ni it na yo yeah

有愿望么 yeah

ma rae bwa yo ever more

说说看吧ever more

hon jja ha neun sa rang yeah geu geon ol chi an jyo

一个人的爱情 yeah 那是不对的

you got to have me

se sang mo deun geo si do wa jul geo ye yo geu dae

世上所有的一切他会帮助我的

gan jjeo ri wo nan dda myeon

如果诚心祈祷的话

Hey, What's up, My sweet girl (Oh, no)

bu deu reo woon neu ggi me na ra ga (in the sky)

向着害羞的感觉飞去(in the sky)

woo ri du ri gu reu mwi ro du son geol go yak ssok

就我们两个在云端手勾手的约定

(Oh, sa rang hae)

(Oh, 我爱你)

neo mu na a peu jyo

很多吧

hon jja ma na neun i neol beun se sang e

一个人才了解的辽阔的世界

na man dong ddeo reo jin neu ggim

只有我有种脱离了的感觉

bo go man it seo do jo at seot neun de

想想也挺好的

sa gwil su eob neun ma eu me bam sae do reok heu neu ggim

无法相交的心辗转反侧的感觉

go bae geul ha go si peun geo jyo

想要告白啊

sa rang eul bat ggo si peun geo jyo

想要你接受我的爱啊

mo du won ha go ddo ba raet deon nil

什么都想要还有那曾经期望过的事

so wo ni it na yo yeah

有愿望么 yeah

ma rae bwa yo ever more

说说看吧ever more

hon jja ha neun sa rang yeah geu geon ol chi an jyo

一个人的爱情 yeah 那是不对的

you got to have me

se sang mo deun geo si do wa jul geo ye yo geu dae

世上所有的一切他会帮助我的-

gan jjeo ri wo nan dda myeon

如果诚心祈祷的话

tae yang i ha neu re seo toe jang ha go seo

太阳正从天空消失

woon myeong e gi reun deo seon myeong ha ge deu reo na jyo

命运的路再次鲜明地出现了吧

woo yeo ni man nan ggeon woo yeo ni a ni ya

偶然的相遇不，不是偶然

woon myeong e da ri ga no a jin ggeo jyo

都是命运的安排吧

go bae ka go si peot seo yo nae ga doe ge hae jul rae yo

想告白吧让我实现愿望吧

geu dae wo na go ba raet ddeo nil

想要得到她的那些愿望

so wo ni it na yo yeah

有愿望么 yeah

ma rae bwa yo ever more

说说看吧ever more

hon jja ha neun sa rang yeah geu geon ol chi an jyo

一个人的爱情 yeah 那是不对的

you got to have me

se sang mo deun geo si do wa jul geo ye yo geu dae

世上所有的一切他会帮助我的

gan jjeo ri wo nan dda myeon

如果诚心祈祷的话

so wo ni it na yo yeah

有愿望么 yeah

ma rae bwa yo so wo ni it na yo

说说看吧有愿望么

yeah geu geon sa rang i jyo

yeah 那是爱情吧

so wo ni it na yo yeah ma rae bwa yo

有愿望吧 yeah 说说看吧

so wo ni it na yo yeah geu geon sa rang i jyo

有愿望吧 yeah 那是爱情吧

geu dae gan jjeo ri wo nan da myeon

她诚心祈祷地话

5. nonwooo电视怎么跟手机连接？

如果你想将非Woo电视（Nonwoo TV）与你的手机连接，你可以尝试以下几种方法：

1. HDMI连接：如果你的电视支持HDMI输入，你可以使用HDMI线缆将手机和电视连接起来。你需要一个适合你手机接口的HDMI适配器，并将其与HDMI线缆连接。然后，将HDMI线缆一端插入电视的HDMI输入端口，另一端插入适配器。通过选择正确的输入源，你应该能够在电视上看到手机屏幕的内容。

2. 無線串流：一些电视和手机支持无线串流功能，使你可以通过Wi-Fi将手机屏幕镜像到电视上。通常，这需要你的手机和电视连接到同一个Wi-Fi网络上。具体的步骤可能因不同的品牌和型号而有所不同，但你可以尝试在电视菜单中寻找"无线显示"或"屏幕镜像"等选项，并按照说明进行设置。

3. 技术工具：除了上述方法，你还可以尝试使用其他外设或工具来连接手机和电视。例如，你可以考虑使用Miracast适配器、Chromecast设备或其他支持手机和电视连接的第三方工具。这些设备通常都有相应的说明书，可以帮助你进行正确的设置和连接。

请注意，在尝试连接手机和电视之前，你需要确保你的手机和电视都支持相应的连接方式，并按照说明进行正确的设置。如果你遇到任何困难，可以参考设备的用户手册或联系设备制造商的客服支持寻求帮助。

6. 如何学编程？

编程是编定程序的中文简称，就是让计算机代码解决某个问题，对某个计算体系规定一定的运算方式，使计算体系按照该计算方式运行，并最终得到相应结果的过程。编程能提高逻辑思维能力，加强计算能力。

编程语言

Python

Python是一种面向对象有着代码简洁、可读性强特点的解释型计算机程序设计语言。代码简洁是因为它把许多的复杂的操作封装起来，将C语言中麻烦的指针和内存管理对开发者隐藏起来，使得在开发过程中，无须在意这部分的细节。另外Python这门语言强制用户用缩进进行排版，若不好好排版，则代码编译无法通过，或者运行过程会出现错误。

C语言

C语言是一门面向过程的、抽象化的广泛应用于底层开发的通用程序设计语言，能以简易的方式编译和处理低级存储器。C语言既具有高级语言的特点，又具有汇编语言的特点，是仅产生少量机器语言以及不需要任何运行环境支持便能运行的高效率程序设计语言。

是有简洁的语言、具有结构化的控制语句、丰富的数据类型、丰富的运算符、可对物理地址进行直接操作、代码具有较好的可移植性、可生成高质量、目标代码执行效率高的程序。

Java

Java通过面向作为静态对象的编程语言的代表，可以充分的实现面向的对象理论的编程语言，有简单性、功能强大、分布式、健壮性、安全性、平台独立与可移植性、多线程及动态性的特点。

Java支持在网络上应用，Java既支持各种层次的网络连接，又以Socket类支持可靠的流（stream）网络连接，它是分布式语言。所以用户可以产生分布式的客户机和服务器。网络变成软件应用的分布运载工具。Java程序只要编写一次，就可到处运行。

PHP

PHP是一种被广泛应用的开放源代码的多用途脚本语言，它可嵌入到 HTML中，尤其适合 web 开发。

使用 PHP 的最大的好处是它对于初学者来说极其简单，同时也给专业的程序员提供了各种高级的特性，只需几个小时就可以自己写一些简单的脚本。尽管 PHP 的开发是以服务端脚本为目的，但事实上其功能远不局限于此。

Go语言（又称 Golang）是一种静态强类型、编译型语言，是一个开源编程环境，可以轻松构建简单、可靠和高效的软件。Go 语言语法与 C 相近，但功能上有：内存安全，GC（垃圾回收），结构形态及 CSP-style 并发计算。Go 内嵌了关联数组（也称为哈希表（Hashes）或字典（Dictionaries）），就像字符串类型一样。

对比

python和c语言的区别主要体现在：语言类型、内存管理、速度、应用、运行、对象、声明、测试和调试难度、复杂度、学习程度。测试和调试难度不同：Python相对其他语言而言是非常简单的语言，高度集成，代码量少。Python中的测试和调试更容易；C中测试和调试更难。学习难度不同：Python：Python程序更易于学习，编写和阅读；C语言：C程序语法比Python更难。

python 跟 java 一样是强类型语言，也就是说它不会根据环境变化自动改变数据类型。python 是动态语言，而 java 是静态语言。也就是说 python 在编程时，永远不用给任何变量指定数据类型，而 java 写程序时必须声明所有变量的数据类型。

python 的模块类似于 java 的 class，不过python模块导入会执行代码的内容，而 java 不会。python 与 java 的执行方式还是蛮像的，都是将源码编译成 byte code 然后交给相应的虚拟机去执行。

Python的框架数量较少，而PHP中成熟的框架比较多；PHP是面向web的语言，而Python是多用途语言，也可以用于web开发；Python使用非常严格的缩进强制执行，使它比PHP更具可读性。

学习思路

认识编程

编程语言（programming language）又称程序设计语言，是一组用特定语言编写的用于执行特定任务的指令。主要用于开发桌面应用、操作系统、网站、移动应用等。

低级编程语言

它基于二进制数 0 和 1 工作，处理器直接运行低级程序，不需要编译器或解释器，因此用低级语言编写的程序可以运行得非常快。

低级语言进一步分为两部分

机器语言

机器语言也称为机器代码或目标代码，更容易阅读，因为它通常以二进制或十六进制形式（基数 16）形式显示。

它不需要翻译器来转换程序，因为计算机直接理解机器语言程序。

汇编语言

汇编语言是为特定处理器设计的，它以象征性和人类可理解的形式表示一组指令。它使用汇编程序将汇编语言转换为机器语言。

中级编程语言

中级编程语言介于低级编程语言和高级编程语言之间。

它也被称为中间程序语言和伪语言。

中级编程语言的优点是支持高级编程的特性，是一种用户友好的语言，与机器语言和人类语言密切相关。

例如：C、C++

高级编程语言

高级编程语言 (HLL) 旨在开发用户友好的软件程序和网站。

这种编程语言需要编译器或解释器将程序翻译成机器语言（执行程序）。

示例：Python、Java、JavaScript、PHP、C#、C++ 等。

编程实践

学习编程语言的过程简单描述为：过、抄、仿、改、调、看、练、创、悟。

过

基础知识点不求深解，语言什么样的，适用场合、基本语法格式

抄代码

从书上抄、例子中抄、边抄边想边想边回忆语法

模仿改

仿照给出的代码写出自己的代码

勤调试

不断调试验证自己想法，继续思考，再次验证。熟悉调试工具调试方法

看n遍

出错或者遇到问题时，将代码从头到尾看n遍直到快记住，找出问题原因

练

2-5步三遍以上

创新

拿出一个没有写过的根据要求，一步一步写出来，写不出来参考6

悟

主动找到写代码的感觉和成就感，保持下去。

选择大于努力，只有切入一个适合自己的开发方向，才能持续进步。关于开发方向，我有以下两个选择标准。

兴趣

学习编程是一个非常枯燥的过程，内容多，时间长，成本高，即使报名了培训班也学不会，所以，我们首先要选择自己感兴趣的一个开发方向，这样不但能快速学习，以后还能持续进步。学习编程的过程是比较艰苦的，没有兴趣很难硬抗下来，此处的兴趣，是指别人无法撼动的热爱，是工作之余让你放松的事情。如果你只是有过某种想法，别人告诉你这个想法不靠谱，你就放弃了，这顶多是一时的鸡血。

学习方式

费曼学习法

在学完一个东西之后去给别人讲明白，注意是讲给别人听，当你写成文章发表在网上的时候，你自然会去用更通俗的语言，更清晰的逻辑去讲述这个事物背后的逻辑。这个过程是对自己学习的一个检验，也是加深映像整理思路的重要过程。

那么如果你是去记笔记的话，很有可能你会倾向于去照抄，或是不完全照抄，以“提纲”或是“知识点”的形式抄在本子上。说句实话，照抄的笔记真的没用，因为现在搜索引擎的能力已经可以让你把大多数东西快速找到，你为什么还要照抄到笔记本上呢？

从功利的角度考虑，技术文章的写作，别人可以直接访问，也可以逐渐累积你的影响力，一个好的个人技术博客，会给你的简历加分很多，而一个厚厚的笔记本，没有人会管你记了什么。

做好笔记

大多数人没有过目不忘的神技，学了也不一定马上掌握，需要过后花时间慢慢领悟，而且还有忘掉的风险，所以对于重要的知识点都要做好笔记。编程的过程中总会遇到各种各样的问题，比如编程环境的配置，常用的快捷键，编程过程中的错误、异常，软件更新问题等等。面对这些问题都是如何解决的，一定要记录下来，一是增加自己解决问题的经验，而是以防下次出现。

多看官方文档

外文资料互联网是一个更新迭代很快的行业，所有编程语言都会不断的更新新功能和修复旧Bug，网上查的资料很有可能是旧的解决方案，现在已经不适用了。所以最好最快的方法就是查看官方文档。

进入行业圈子

只有进入行业圈子与其他人交流，你才了解最新的行业动态，才知道自己需要更新哪些技能。

动手做项目

学习编程的最终目的就是用所学的做出具有一定功能的项目，而做项目又是最好的学习和巩固知识的方式。如果前期能力不足就先做一些简单的功能模块，一步一步慢慢来，不要一开始就要实现各种酷炫炸天功能，遇到不会的就在网上查，现在互联网这么发达，获取资源也及其方便。而且开发前也最好在网上查一下有没有已经成型的框架或模板，什么都自己做一是很耗费时间，二是自己技术能力不足还可能留下不少坑。

学习Python

安装编程环境

第一步：访问Python官网，获取最新安装程序。

第二步：运行下载的安装程序，注意勾选“Add Python3.7 to PATH”,然后选择个性化安装，即“Customize installation”。

第三步：确保“pip”被勾选上，之后安装各种库需要用到pip。

第四步：高级选项，需要的可以修改安装目录，通常没有需要修改的，直接点“Install”。

第五步：等待程序自动安装完成。

第六步：出现如下界面，说明安装已完成。

第七步：验证方法，Windows+R 键打开“运行”窗口，输入cmd运行，进入命令提示窗口，再输入python，进入Python的命令模式，输入 print("Hello")，结果输出了 Hello，如下图所示，确定开发环境已安装完成。

运行环境

Hello World!

命令行

在Linux命令行输入：$python

将直接进入python。然后在命令行提示符>>>后面输入：>>>print('Hello World!')

可以看到，随后在屏幕上输出:

Hello World!

print是一个常用函数，其功能就是输出括号中得字符串。

（在Python 2.x中，print还可以是一个关键字，可写成print 'Hello World!'，但这在3.x中行不通）

小程序

另一个使用Python的方法，是写一个Python程序。用文本编辑器写一个.py结尾的文件，比如说hello.py

在hello.py中写入如下，并保存：print('Hello World!')

退出文本编辑器，然后在命令行输入：$python hello.py

来运行hello.py。可以看到Python随后输出Hello World!

脚本

我们还可以把Python程序hello.py改成一个可执行的脚本，直接执行：#!/usr/bin/env python

print('Hello World!')

需要修改上面程序的权限为可执行：chmod 755 hello.py

然后再命令行中，输入./hello.py

就可以直接运行了。

基本数据类型

变量不声明

Python的变量不需要声明，你可以直接输入：>>>a = 10

那么你的内存里就有了一个变量a，它的值是10，它的类型是integer (整数)。在此之前你不需要做什么特别的声明，而数据类型是Python自动决定的。

>>>print(a)

>>>print(type(a))

那么会有如下输出：

这里，我们学到一个内置函数type()，用以查询变量的类型。

回收变量名

如果你想让a存储不同的数据，你不需要删除原有变量就可以直接赋值。

>>>a = 1.3

>>>print(a,type(a))

会有如下输出

1.3

序列

sequence（序列）是一组有顺序的元素的集合，（严格的说，是对象的集合，但鉴于我们还没有引入“对象”概念，暂时说元素）序列可以包含一个或多个元素，也可以没有任何元素。

我们之前所说的基本数据类型，都可以作为序列的元素。元素还可以是另一个序列，以及我们以后要介绍的其他对象。

序列有两种：tuple（定值表；也有翻译为元组）和 list (表)

>>>s1 = (2, 1.3, 'love', 5.6, 9, 12, False) # s1是一个tuple

>>>s2 = [True, 5, 'smile'] # s2是一个list

>>>print(s1,type(s1))

>>>print(s2,type(s2))

tuple和list的主要区别在于，一旦建立，tuple的各个元素不可再变更，而list的各个元素可以再变更。

一个序列作为另一个序列的元素

>>>s3 = [1,[3,4,5]]

空序列

>>>s4 = []

自学

网站

菜鸟网站

这个python教程很适合小白学习，没有高深的原理，照着教程学就完事了。

菜鸟教程是一个提供免费编程学习的网站，里面不但能学到编程知识，还能运用在线编程工具，使你在学习的过程中得到发挥，实践得真理，边学边做中让基础打得更稳，让自己的知识更加稳固。在自己有不明白不理解的地方可以在网站的用户笔记中寻找大佬们的笔记，把自己所学和技术大佬的经验所融合，使自己更好地提升自己的能力。

菜鸟教程内容丰富，例如前端热门语言HTML5、CSS3、JavaScript、Vue等它该有的都有，都会从最基础的开始教，让刚学编程的小白由浅及深，一看就懂。每个知识点都有实例可以动手，直接在页面内做你想要的效果真的非常棒。菜鸟的排版简洁清晰有序，内容一针见血，让你一看就能明白其知识点的含义。

菜鸟教程不仅前端教程语言丰富，后端的Java、PHP、Python更是一应俱全，当然数据库、移动端、XML、ASP.NET、Web Service、开发工具和网站建设也是应有尽有，菜鸟教程有学到的知识如此之多，奋斗吧少年。

廖雪峰的官方网站

廖雪峰的官方网站比较推荐新手程序员学习前端，这个网站的教学视频的讲解相对来说会比较生动，没有其他教程那么死板，看起来也不至于那么犯困，也更便于新手去理解。总的来说，廖雪峰的官方网站作为一款启蒙类的前端学习网站还是相当不错的。

Python官方教程

这是Python官方出品的教程，可搭配Python标准库一起学。

书籍

《Python编程从入门到实践（第2版）》

作者：埃里克·马瑟斯（EricMatthes）袁国忠译

ISBN：9787115546081

出版：人民邮电出版社

本书是针对所有层次Python读者而作的Python门书。全书分两部分：部分介绍用Python编程所必须了解的基本概念，包括强大的Python库和工具，以及列表、字典、if语句、类、文件与异常、代码测试等内容；第二部分将理论付诸实践，讲解如何发三个项目，包括简单的2D游戏、利用数据生成交互式的信息图以及创建和定制简单的Web应用，并帮助读者解决常见编程问题和困惑。

《像计算机科学家一样学Python》

ISBN：9787115425515

作者：艾伦 B. 唐尼（Allen B. Downey）

出版：人民邮电出版社

本书以培养读者以计算机科学家一样的思维方式来理解Python语言编程。贯穿全书的主体是如何思考、设计、发的方法，而具体的编程语言，只是提供了一个具体场景方便介绍的媒介。全书共21章，详细介绍Python语言编程的方方面面。本书从基本的编程概念始讲起，包括语言的语法和语义，而且每个编程概念都有清晰的定义，引领读者循序渐地学习变量、表达式、语句、函数和数据结构。书中还探讨了如何处理文件和数据库，如何理解对象、方法和面向对象编程，如何使用调试技巧来修正语法错误、运行时错误和语义错误。

《计算机科学丛书：Java编程思想》

ISBN：9787111213826

作者：[美] Bruce Eckel

出版：机械工业出版社

本书的作者拥有多年教学经验，对C、C++以及Java语言都有独到、深入的见解，以通俗易懂及小而直接的示例解释了一个个晦涩抽象的概念。本书共22章，包括操作符、控制执行流程、访问权限控制、复用类、多态、接口、通过异常处理错误、字符串、泛型、数组、容器深入研究、JavaI/O系统、枚举类型、并发以及图形化用户界面等内容。这些丰富的内容，包含了Java语言基础语法以及高级特性，适合各个层次的Java程序员阅读，同时也是高等院校讲授面向对象程序设计语言以及Java语言的好教材和参考书。

《疯狂Java讲义》

ISBN：9787121361586

作者：李刚

出版：电子工业出版社

《疯狂Java讲义（第4版）》深入介绍了Java编程的相关方面，《疯狂Java讲义（第4版）》内容覆盖了Java的基本语法结构、Java的面向对象特征、Java集合框架体系、Java泛型、异常处理、Java GUI编程、JDBC数据库编程、Java注释、Java的IO流体系、Java多线程编程、Java网络通信编程和Java反射机制。覆盖了java.lang、java.util、java.text、java.io和java.nio、java.sql、java.awt、javax.swing包下绝大部分类和接口。本书重点介绍了Java 9的模块化系统，还详细介绍了Java 9的jshell工具、多版本JAR包、匿名内部类的菱形语法、增强的try语句、私有接口方法，以及Java 9新增的各种API功能。

%3Chowto_content%3E[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"is_abstract":true},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"编程是编定程序的中文简称，就是让计算机代码解决某个问题，对某个计算体系规定一定的运算方式，使计算体系按照该计算方式运行，并最终得到相应结果的过程","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"。编程能提高逻辑思维能力，加强计算能力。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WceadiusyoyOwaxoNSsceBGjnVd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"编程语言","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Oqa2diWSioCqoexAhV7cd5qbnLd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"Python","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RYCIdicsYoyiUgx6drTcXYVMn4d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Python是一种面向对象有着代码简洁、可读性强特点的解释型计算机程序设计语言。代码简洁是因为它把许多的复杂的操作封装起来，将C语言中麻烦的指针和内存管理对开发者隐藏起来，使得在开发过程中，无须在意这部分的细节。另外Python这门语言强制用户用缩进进行排版，若不好好排版，则代码编译无法通过，或者运行过程会出现错误。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SeiEdQ4GAoc8Koxm6Oucd3MonOb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":701,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"Python","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/aeaa7b58948c4124bd69b6417e51906a","width":1563},"text":"","id":"DSA6demiCo8YmgxGYDmcdbmenQf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"C语言","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RKKodkW2Wo0muoxaYdScS9gDnse"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"C语言是一门面向过程的、抽象化的广泛应用于底层开发的通用程序设计语言，能以简易的方式编译和处理低级存储器。C语言既具有高级语言的特点，又具有汇编语言的特点，是仅产生少量机器语言以及不需要任何运行环境支持便能运行的高效率程序设计语言。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WkgAdki6koYcsSxzF93csMeynCk"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"是有简洁的语言、具有结构化的控制语句、丰富的数据类型、丰富的运算符、可对物理地址进行直接操作、代码具有较好的可移植性、可生成高质量、目标代码执行效率高的程序。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FkCQdiCsmo40iqxg7ujcPBy9nHe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":806,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"C语言","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/6f859719f77941aea4a29e7119f20a7f","width":1603},"text":"","id":"ME8ad6QuAoiWo2xe8zCc3gXrnog"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"Java","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FWK8d2GSUoMME2xUxHzc8kMYnQR"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Java通过面向作为静态对象的编程语言的代表，可以充分的实现面向的对象理论的编程语言，有简单性、功能强大、分布式、健壮性、安全性、平台独立与可移植性、多线程及动态性的特点。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TeIod6souoE4EkxgjEfcOZkLnoc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Java支持在网络上应用，Java既支持各种层次的网络连接，又以Socket类支持可靠的流（stream）网络连接，它是分布式语言。所以用户可以产生分布式的客户机和服务器。网络变成软件应用的分布运载工具。Java程序只要编写一次，就可到处运行。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Te4udsisCoK44gxMpuPcDy11nfd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":839,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"Java","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0e1656925be54be393b49dc2e2ac7b80","width":1893},"text":"","id":"SUW6d0aw2oskC4x2FMSc3WhNnRg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"PHP","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ic6kdo08aoY4GuxeY6Qc3Z8nnNe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"PHP是一种被广泛应用的开放源代码的多用途脚本语言，它可嵌入到 HTML中，尤其适合 web 开发。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IwQ8dKQCeoGAmixqM7BcXdgUnAd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"使用 PHP 的最大的好处是它对于初学者来说极其简单，同时也给专业的程序员提供了各种高级的特性，只需几个小时就可以自己写一些简单的脚本。尽管 PHP 的开发是以服务端脚本为目的，但事实上其功能远不局限于此。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DW0Odakc6ouW6Kxu6kPcdPF3nZd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":648,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"PHP","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/300a2e3c7e954e7b8def92163c3f3673","width":1828},"text":"","id":"Naq2duscgogQ2oxYjg2cosy1nEe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"GO","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CwWwdCYeAoMuMuxCiNpcqJKpnRg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Go语言（又称 Golang）是一种静态强类型、编译型语言，是一个开源编程环境，可以轻松构建简单、可靠和高效的软件。Go 语言语法与 C 相近，但功能上有：内存安全，GC（垃圾回收），结构形态及 CSP-style 并发计算。Go 内嵌了关联数组（也称为哈希表（Hashes）或字典（Dictionaries）），就像字符串类型一样。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SIY6dO8ecoGoOOxmUVPcViIAnxb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":772,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"GO","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/3a879bbdd4b64d2b9b54d3f7358e7ed3","width":1522},"text":"","id":"GuiUdc6UCoKUWGxaCogc2jcrnFe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"对比","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EGqmdKMsGogUeexukQ5cA2wTnQf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"python和c语言的区别主要体现在：语言类型、内存管理、速度、应用、运行、对象、声明、测试和调试难度、复杂度、学习程度。测试和调试难度不同：Python相对其他语言而言是非常简单的语言，高度集成，代码量少。Python中的测试和调试更容易；C中测试和调试更难。学习难度不同：Python：Python程序更易于学习，编写和阅读；C语言：C程序语法比Python更难。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HEyKduA4Iow6Kwx8ZiCcPQaVnHd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"python 跟 java 一样是强类型语言，也就是说它不会根据环境变化自动改变数据类型。python 是动态语言，而 java 是静态语言。也就是说 python 在编程时，永远不用给任何变量指定数据类型，而 java 写程序时必须声明所有变量的数据类型。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"I6yAdOUQqoQSIYxs7XVcPwlSnMe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"python 的模块类似于 java 的 class，不过python模块导入会执行代码的内容，而 java 不会。python 与 java 的执行方式还是蛮像的，都是将源码编译成 byte code 然后交给相应的虚拟机去执行。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VmgOds4Ceoi0KoxGa8nc0GLDneb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Python的框架数量较少，而PHP中成熟的框架比较多；PHP是面向web的语言，而Python是多用途语言，也可以用于web开发；Python使用非常严格的缩进强制执行，使它比PHP更具可读性。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MW22d02SsoU2oYxesy1cIEfsnYb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SA4kdwiSIoMW42xCGzDcMMyXnfe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"学习思路","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ECkydGqiIoEmKoxQzshckC4rncd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"认识编程","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IkSQdA02Ko64KKxoHAGc6cEwnIb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"编程语言（programming language）又称程序设计语言，是一组用特定语言编写的用于执行特定任务的指令。主要用于开发桌面应用、操作系统、网站、移动应用等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HM2udQ0giowuekxoV1kchShynhc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"低级编程语言","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CkEQdgiGooaKGaxesABch5T1nlh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"它基于二进制数 0 和 1 工作，处理器直接运行低级程序，不需要编译器或解释器，因此用低级语言编写的程序可以运行得非常快。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UgoMde6QIou8yAxambScEu1vnOb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"低级语言进一步分为两部分","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ASy6dMoGooWsKaxeCDAcTUajnde"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"机器语言","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Z8MKdYOOmoucO0xai2uc1TUKnTd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"机器语言也称为机器代码或目标代码，更容易阅读，因为它通常以二进制或十六进制形式（基数 16）形式显示。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RIgMdsykeoaykIxawjVcRE7HnXf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"它不需要翻译器来转换程序，因为计算机直接理解机器语言程序。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LMsSdcWGsooA00xgzJUcR80Inuf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":" 汇编语言","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Xi0gdKkgGo0oKYxE0vacrHAtngb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"汇编语言是为特定处理器设计的，它以象征性和人类可理解的形式表示一组指令。它使用汇编程序将汇编语言转换为机器语言。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GYOQdMKQuoGkoExyYdkcuU2anIf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"中级编程语言","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RGmIdsSwmoY8A2x89NUcdbWbnjg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"中级编程语言介于低级编程语言和高级编程语言之间。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Q822d2sssoQQGYxAzK6c9GqFnbd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"它也被称为中间程序语言和伪语言。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BuG2d8s6AoiIWCxGQt1cGdbgneg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"中级编程语言的优点是支持高级编程的特性，是一种用户友好的语言，与机器语言和人类语言密切相关。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FIg6dMMGaoYSu0xSyhpcKu46nPh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"例如：C、C++","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LK8sduKWaoa0oUxQXspcudVbnid"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"高级编程语言","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FaYsdG0KqoOGW6xa4u0c0UQVn9c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"高级编程语言 (HLL) 旨在开发用户友好的软件程序和网站。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Rsi4dE64WoykEkxzYAIcCNc8nbH"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这种编程语言需要编译器或解释器将程序翻译成机器语言（执行程序）。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IOqmdGCEcoeC2wxXJElc68FsnvL"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"示例：Python、Java、JavaScript、PHP、C#、C++ 等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CgagdYoyyoQMCwxJ65zcUJF6ntC"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"编程实践","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KGCQdQuyyoIu8Cx8DxYcWwFGnXf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"学习编程语言的过程简单描述为：过、抄、仿、改、调、看、练、创、悟。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JUUOdqi2Ko6mSix0qMBcv94pnAb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"过","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HqSsduwsUoqSamxyGKWcWlLqnDd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"基础知识点不求深解，语言什么样的，适用场合、基本语法格式","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XO0mdIAcMoOisgxuAb6cTIvHn9I"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"抄代码","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZwqWdC2AioWsWGxNBikcRf0unBf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"从书上抄、例子中抄、边抄边想边想边回忆语法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XQWmdmoMcoQ82axuI6Lcjb6knDe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"模仿改","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WOc0dUWuAogWYAx8vZycJ1OYnfd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"仿照给出的代码写出自己的代码","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Iokkd0EewoMSMuxqCAKch8tRnZf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"勤调试","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CCIsd2secoIAiOxUXGhcQ55Mncc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"不断调试验证自己想法，继续思考，再次验证。熟悉调试工具调试方法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Sg8CdMOy8oMyysxC0jyc1mzunff"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"看n遍","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UW4Id0cOooa6EAxIro7c3bT5nle"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"出错或者遇到问题时，将代码从头到尾看n遍直到快记住，找出问题原因","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ROsUdMEyQoewGUxB0JWcntn7nh6"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"练","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ag2EdIGQQowSOOxRfD2cRMnOnNl"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2-5步三遍以上","id":""}],"text":"","id":"D8eod4eqmoEUcQx0XNVcgNE9n7Z"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"创新","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JqU2damiUoQm4CxUSSDcpg16nAn"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"拿出一个没有写过的根据要求，一步一步写出来，写不出来参考6","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DIeidUEkooIGGWxmAUQcWltanhh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"悟","id":""}],"text":"","id":"V4ikdSQY4oacQWxQ3RocOJTbnQc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"主动找到写代码的感觉和成就感，保持下去。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZOCqd80k8oi8GgxkFcUcGuxan6b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"选择大于努力，只有切入一个适合自己的开发方向，才能持续进步。关于开发方向，我有以下两个选择标准。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"R620d6Qwko6O4gxeS37cRQxjnwd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":" 兴趣","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WCkGd64Gwo6UcqxoV8Icg1G8nCf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"学习编程是一个非常枯燥的过程，内容多，时间长，成本高，即使报名了培训班也学不会，所以，我们首先要选择自己感兴趣的一个开发方向，这样不但能快速学习，以后还能持续进步。学习编程的过程是比较艰苦的，没有兴趣很难硬抗下来，此处的兴趣，是指别人无法撼动的热爱，是工作之余让你放松的事情。如果你只是有过某种想法，别人告诉你这个想法不靠谱，你就放弃了，这顶多是一时的鸡血。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BgqEdSkuMoqmqExFM9Dc7lBYnmk"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"学习方式","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FG6OdgEWAosIcexYLUecc900nLd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"费曼学习法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FOYAdYUk6oEk4gx7u0ycaoPsnEy"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在学完一个东西之后去给别人讲明白，注意是讲给别人听，当你写成文章发表在网上的时候，你自然会去用更通俗的语言，更清晰的逻辑去讲述这个事物背后的逻辑。这个过程是对自己学习的一个检验，也是加深映像整理思路的重要过程。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EyYWdScu2o0ca2xIRdgcR5k2nnd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"那么如果你是去记笔记的话，很有可能你会倾向于去照抄，或是不完全照抄，以“提纲”或是“知识点”的形式抄在本子上。说句实话，照抄的笔记真的没用，因为现在搜索引擎的能力已经可以让你把大多数东西快速找到，你为什么还要照抄到笔记本上呢？","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HSu4dusiqoIcCcxCOhTccQL5n3e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"从功利的角度考虑，技术文章的写作，别人可以直接访问，也可以逐渐累积你的影响力，一个好的个人技术博客，会给你的简历加分很多，而一个厚厚的笔记本，没有人会管你记了什么。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SOUSdQWIoo6OMYxIldZcuIU9nKh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"做好笔记","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SUoEdyCk0oOa2Ux2lGlcxcJKnXd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"大多数人没有过目不忘的神技，学了也不一定马上掌握，需要过后花时间慢慢领悟，而且还有忘掉的风险，所以对于重要的知识点都要做好笔记。编程的过程中总会遇到各种各样的问题，比如编程环境的配置，常用的快捷键，编程过程中的错误、异常，软件更新问题等等。面对这些问题都是如何解决的，一定要记录下来，一是增加自己解决问题的经验，而是以防下次出现。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OGGwdgoU0oca0gxamqlcZ7HVnCf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"多看官方文档","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HqyKdYYu8oU6QCxKmzicQi2qnxb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"外文资料互联网是一个更新迭代很快的行业，所有编程语言都会不断的更新新功能和修复旧Bug，网上查的资料很有可能是旧的解决方案，现在已经不适用了。所以最好最快的方法就是查看官方文档。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FGkAdKUGioyu6OxiQ7pcForVnXc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"进入行业圈子","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OEwIdSQ4EoK0U8xHbsJcVXchnCw"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"只有进入行业圈子与其他人交流，你才了解最新的行业动态，才知道自己需要更新哪些技能。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XqkadOImEoakm4xCGrscdtHOnrg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"动手做项目","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SMIQdeS4Qo60gKxSE1qcpjf9n1b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"学习编程的最终目的就是用所学的做出具有一定功能的项目，而做项目又是最好的学习和巩固知识的方式。如果前期能力不足就先做一些简单的功能模块，一步一步慢慢来，不要一开始就要实现各种酷炫炸天功能，遇到不会的就在网上查，现在互联网这么发达，获取资源也及其方便。而且开发前也最好在网上查一下有没有已经成型的框架或模板，什么都自己做一是很耗费时间，二是自己技术能力不足还可能留下不少坑。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"E8SSdsQksoOykkxq8qhc2D9UnPh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"学习Python","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Noeodu46Eoyg4Oxcz2Lcvsh6nWf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"安装编程环境","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ucwad8wU0omK2YxUmNnc76Pjneb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第一步：访问Python官网，获取最新安装程序。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CIWwdiUucoGM4Axe1XscufX4npb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":253,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"安装编程环境","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/6243e00debbc4a70b8dc277fa202d4e3","width":500},"text":"","id":"ZAUEdiiUoockeYx4FwFcKNmVnsb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" ","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"第二步：运行下载的安装程序，注意勾选“Add Python3.7 to PATH”,然后选择个性化安装，即“Customize installation”。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DikMdkUMeoIIwOxEFNjcgKC8nfb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":308,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"安装编程环境","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/61c8842e690b42fc8de3ab3bce410252","width":500},"text":"","id":"VeISdQwCcogI8yxKqjrcxkXBnXf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" ","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"第三步：确保“pip”被勾选上，之后安装各种库需要用到pip。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JakkdcOG8omkoCxUt62cPMoinKb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":308,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"安装编程环境","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/257a0f4181604843b6b89e1ab0d338fc","width":500},"text":"","id":"HQUGdykoMoSUmGxymgjcOwounzg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" ","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"第四步：高级选项，需要的可以修改安装目录，通常没有需要修改的，直接点“Install”。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"U8gUdO22So4GWMxk5AAcYxhgnwd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":308,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"安装编程环境","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/a0bb9ea7ffad45d5aeef1f09f1dde2a4","width":500},"text":"","id":"IGQwdQag4oi06uxWuyacQYQAnwe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" ","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"第五步：等待程序自动安装完成。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZqiadCqiEoWewYx0AC8cBcnTneh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":308,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"安装编程环境","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/a46cba8c1cc64627a6bcb5bf991fe3f9","width":500},"text":"","id":"EmCWd0sMaoowOIxuA2lctZeXn8e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" ","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"第六步：出现如下界面，说明安装已完成。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CSiudKqaqomAkcx2B6tcVnpGnPd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":308,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"安装编程环境","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/379805f0786b447583f0a32c4d573b32","width":500},"text":"","id":"UiCYdig0KoeIUWx049tcMB6bn6f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" ","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"第七步：验证方法，Windows+R 键打开“运行”窗口，输入cmd运行，进入命令提示窗口，再输入python，进入Python的命令模式，输入 print(\"Hello\")，结果输出了 Hello，如下图所示，确定开发环境已安装完成。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Lmoede4cuoEwQKxmabGcMLaXnXf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":261,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"安装编程环境","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f84920cc98b14ad9beb9aae12c2e06f7","width":500},"text":"","id":"MsIgduUaEosaG6xSunHcnIm8nvf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"运行环境","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Lqiwde2SYoKEoOxquyEcgRRLnLd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"Hello World!","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IIgSdccwkoeaG8xmadlcUw6Bnbh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"命令行","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JAaKdcMMUoSaKcxW4c1ccXeGnPb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在Linux命令行输入：$python","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ac0Udg8sKoo64WxKUEpcVHc9ngc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"将直接进入python。然后在命令行提示符\u003e\u003e\u003e后面输入：\u003e\u003e\u003eprint('Hello World!')","id":""}],"text":"","id":"C6OwdcCKao0kG8x4u6bchmSwn9e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"可以看到，随后在屏幕上输出:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HMyIdGao0omCcMxyu1Kc9DyFnQJ"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Hello World!","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HCWydoCIKo02yMxOy7GcZ1MBnkc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"print是一个常用函数，其功能就是输出括号中得字符串。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"K4gYdSoiuo00icxAHmpc1eimnGc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（在Python 2.x中，print还可以是一个关键字，可写成print 'Hello World!'，但这在3.x中行不通）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BQACduGE6oCgSOx2fvYcEcbPn4f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"小程序","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NGqsdeUKwoewYQx3zgdcf4Q4nsb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"另一个使用Python的方法，是写一个Python程序。用文本编辑器写一个.py结尾的文件，比如说hello.py","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LkWEdeSkSosWMexWc7PcjpdvnJg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在hello.py中写入如下，并保存：print('Hello World!')","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JgOsdAKe4ogmyExYHgLcTmQunyg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"退出文本编辑器，然后在命令行输入：$python hello.py","id":""}],"text":"","id":"So08dE2imoYYQCxQ2QFcO82cnJL"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"来运行hello.py。可以看到Python随后输出Hello World!","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AIKCdsmeYoCwwUx0su3cHkHqnvb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"脚本","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZsEMdwYWcoQOsQxSSv6cYylLn5e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"我们还可以把Python程序hello.py改成一个可执行的脚本，直接执行：#!/usr/bin/env python","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LqUgd8CeQoCIeux81qFc7h69nHE"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"print('Hello World!')","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ASc8d6YmkoASeOxcNArcGC3Anbc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"需要修改上面程序的权限为可执行：chmod 755 hello.py","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SY4Sd2aEMoy8E2x8moScAd5Gnbc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"然后再命令行中，输入./hello.py","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KcuSdKiEGomYGmxcxZ9cfAzwn9d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"就可以直接运行了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WoeudWqOAosyosx8vdLcVyTQnre"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"基本数据类型","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PCwKdMoS2oKi4gxFAqZctL2XnJp"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"变量不声明","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HsuQdOC6kosCkax4ML4cAJ8Dnje"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Python的变量不需要声明，你可以直接输入：\u003e\u003e\u003ea = 10","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SoA0dk2IKogMgOxewwVc4LkKnMe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"那么你的内存里就有了一个变量a，它的值是10，它的类型是integer (整数)。在此之前你不需要做什么特别的声明，而数据类型是Python自动决定的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KuuidCs4SooqGex6ZITcthxHnHc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"\u003e\u003e\u003eprint(a)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VUaadIGOqoYYS4xwFOLcR1CVnEh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"\u003e\u003e\u003eprint(type(a))","id":""}],"text":"","id":"K2uYdIgSwoIaKexCWFvc3GZnnIe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"那么会有如下输出：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VYCKdqwy4oWG6Ux2xQjcXvipnzV"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"10","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FukWdMmaAoceg4xCaJ5c8ktfnuf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"\u003cclass 'int'\u003e","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Mo4IdywqgoqKI8xSBu7cFmLyndb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这里，我们学到一个内置函数type()，用以查询变量的类型。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"C8yKdI8amoWwssxaEpQcGuK7nTf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"回收变量名","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LmgCdYeiuoIWgWxOon3c3P1Hncd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如果你想让a存储不同的数据，你不需要删除原有变量就可以直接赋值。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"J0C0dc8UWo4CESx4m4jceRTAn4e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"\u003e\u003e\u003ea = 1.3","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Tme6dEUG8ogECYxMrZOcjBzCnfg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"\u003e\u003e\u003eprint(a,type(a))","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Xo8mdWieio2ayqxYvCqcNNnKnac"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"会有如下输出","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HEQgdWU6so2EW0x2pYGc8Up6nLf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1.3 \u003cclass 'float'\u003e","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Xe0Qd0YkEoWcUixQxzNcsc7BnQc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"序列","id":""}],"text":"","id":"K4sIdyYiaooeSKx0ENocBIlknzb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"sequence（序列）是一组有顺序的元素的集合，（严格的说，是对象的集合，但鉴于我们还没有引入“对象”概念，暂时说元素）序列可以包含一个或多个元素，也可以没有任何元素。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NKG2d8UMAokU4mxs9Snc667DnQf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"我们之前所说的基本数据类型，都可以作为序列的元素。元素还可以是另一个序列，以及我们以后要介绍的其他对象。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SIe2duU4WoQEuMxUTXrcAmmKn2f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"序列有两种：tuple（定值表；也有翻译为元组）和 list (表)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RmMwdgGU4oqywAxIZbQcqQHjnNe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"\u003e\u003e\u003es1 = (2, 1.3, 'love', 5.6, 9, 12, False) # s1是一个tuple","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WOaCdYes4o2k8yxWsrqckvlxnDd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"\u003e\u003e\u003es2 = [True, 5, 'smile'] # s2是一个list","id":""}],"text":"","id":"De8ydgYi2o0ciixAjmgcINQnnzd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"\u003e\u003e\u003eprint(s1,type(s1))","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IMqQdWcKEogyGuxORI4cXDm9n5N"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"\u003e\u003e\u003eprint(s2,type(s2))","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EY6idcQaooqaaGx0o8HcNZcmnHc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"tuple和list的主要区别在于，一旦建立，tuple的各个元素不可再变更，而list的各个元素可以再变更。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"A8A0d4wsEoQM6gxy8wfczcPunJg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一个序列作为另一个序列的元素","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BiqUdsI6Koks4gxyig4ckRhgnGd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"\u003e\u003e\u003es3 = [1,[3,4,5]]","id":""}],"text":"","id":"YoyEdOKywoYs8Ax4E1ic6uIan3c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"空序列","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OWykdUkeWo4UOQxWiu3cKYkDnAd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"\u003e\u003e\u003es4 = []","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VWEIdSqWooyg40xMpeYcDMo9nbd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"自学","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KW4Odiy8Eo4QyMxmAKFciGS8n4f"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"网站","id":""}],"text":"","id":"G4AadueAIoa4o8xs9gwcSrAxnme"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"菜鸟网站","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KqWid0A6UoAOIAxIlTWcxC9Nnsd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这个python教程很适合小白学习，没有高深的原理，照着教程学就完事了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UiaCdQGKyo6Wg2xwxHoc2Dxmnxt"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"菜鸟教程是一个提供免费编程学习的网站，里面不但能学到编程知识，还能运用在线编程工具，使你在学习的过程中得到发挥，实践得真理，边学边做中让基础打得更稳，让自己的知识更加稳固。在自己有不明白不理解的地方可以在网站的用户笔记中寻找大佬们的笔记，把自己所学和技术大佬的经验所融合，使自己更好地提升自己的能力。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZEgwdWWSsoq682x8f5wchxAynZe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"菜鸟教程内容丰富，例如前端热门语言HTML5、CSS3、JavaScript、Vue等它该有的都有，都会从最基础的开始教，让刚学编程的小白由浅及深，一看就懂。每个知识点都有实例可以动手，直接在页面内做你想要的效果真的非常棒。菜鸟的排版简洁清晰有序，内容一针见血，让你一看就能明白其知识点的含义。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WiU8de84coa6cQxcTG1chmmunkh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"菜鸟教程不仅前端教程语言丰富，后端的Java、PHP、Python更是一应俱全，当然数据库、移动端、XML、","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"ASP.NET","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"、Web Service、开发工具和网站建设也是应有尽有，菜鸟教程有学到的知识如此之多，奋斗吧少年。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RggwdQ6uqoSiQWxI1ENck2ktnYe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":383,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"菜鸟网站","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0798ab45151c4bd0ad7d0b1c1b4f9566","width":720},"text":"","id":"NI2SdAC2QosicOxQ9YxcHeSknnh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DsoCdsMcuoAoi0x8BarcCb3Sn3f"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"廖雪峰的官方网站","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CwsqdmSY6os00wxdcNSctzmwnHH"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"廖雪峰的官方网站比较推荐新手程序员学习前端，这个网站的教学视频的讲解相对来说会比较生动，没有其他教程那么死板，看起来也不至于那么犯困，也更便于新手去理解。总的来说，廖雪峰的官方网站作为一款启蒙类的前端学习网站还是相当不错的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SimcdEA4mo2QwExkXoAcSn0RnEh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":750,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"廖雪峰的官方网站","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b21b64b7b6c74706ab17469ccbf6b14b","width":1783},"text":"","id":"NWWwdMy2AoWIwgxI10pcF9jJnhh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"Python官方教程","id":""}],"text":"","id":"M0cGdIGsSoAYA8xaOKYcPxMInuf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这是Python官方出品的教程，可搭配Python标准库一起学。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QCUKde0YCoe4aixMp6mc34NynAf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":810,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"Python官方教程","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/4871398dc75d4de4ab867263607d7048","width":1445},"text":"","id":"NQI2dc86io4EgwxgVEXcl1svnae"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"书籍","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZYEAdMaCaoY8mSxGJFecEcpannb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"《Python编程从入门到实践（第2版）》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OKe4diK4goU4Swxg9Edc2CcjnQZ"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"作者：埃里克·马瑟斯（EricMatthes）袁国忠译","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PKQcdAAcGoUoC0xOqEocFhTCnlh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"ISBN：9787115546081","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DyUWd4aUio4a60xu6ogcPj1Bn2d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"出版：人民邮电出版社","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Rs42dYymGoSIuUxWU7RctjUznMe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"本书是针对所有层次Python读者而作的Python门书。全书分两部分：部分介绍用Python编程所必须了解的基本概念，包括强大的Python库和工具，以及列表、字典、if语句、类、文件与异常、代码测试等内容；第二部分将理论付诸实践，讲解如何发三个项目，包括简单的2D游戏、利用数据生成交互式的信息图以及创建和定制简单的Web应用，并帮助读者解决常见编程问题和困惑。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HoQodykKqo8COCxqyqwccoimnKh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":619,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"书籍","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f952cca888c0454e838c59d17090daf7","width":501},"text":"","id":"ZU6qdUUScoCUA4x46jtchHQIndf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"《像计算机科学家一样学Python》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"E28edua0koSygsxnyHBcIkeznGk"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"ISBN：9787115425515","id":""}],"text":"","id":"N44Udusiso2siQx61owcIo13n6d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"作者：","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"艾伦","id":""},{"type":"text","text":" B. ","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"唐尼","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"（","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"Allen","id":""},{"type":"text","text":" B. ","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"Downey","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RkEudeuIsoy2CmxW6NxcCRV1nfh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"出版：人民邮电出版社","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WYKKdki4WoSykmx6OJVcqWOunDg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"本书以培养读者以计算机科学家一样的思维方式来理解Python语言编程。贯穿全书的主体是如何思考、设计、发的方法，而具体的编程语言，只是提供了一个具体场景方便介绍的媒介。全书共21章，详细介绍Python语言编程的方方面面。本书从基本的编程概念始讲起，包括语言的语法和语义，而且每个编程概念都有清晰的定义，引领读者循序渐地学习变量、表达式、语句、函数和数据结构。书中还探讨了如何处理文件和数据库，如何理解对象、方法和面向对象编程，如何使用调试技巧来修正语法错误、运行时错误和语义错误。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BK6ydyYuaouyusx4pJfcnzCvnPh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":701,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"书籍","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/2fcdba851350469c8f20a6fd2e54a3f8","width":526},"text":"","id":"Gukwd8S6oo0uMKxNGdKcgvECnCz"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"《计算机科学丛书：Java编程思想》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Qyk4dmCKMouoUwxDv4BcZSonnv6"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"ISBN：9787111213826","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LOyCdEOUeo0MSixsRQOcsCACn1A"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"作者：[美] Bruce Eckel","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NY06d6MISoicmMxkpXAcDYjwnxe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"出版：机械工业出版社","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SASYdyGwMoMiMqx6Cn3c7fPfnFf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"本书的作者拥有多年教学经验，对C、C++以及Java语言都有独到、深入的见解，以通俗易懂及小而直接的示例解释了一个个晦涩抽象的概念。本书共22章，包括操作符、控制执行流程、访问权限控制、复用类、多态、接口、通过异常处理错误、字符串、泛型、数组、容器深入研究、JavaI/O系统、枚举类型、并发以及图形化用户界面等内容。这些丰富的内容，包含了Java语言基础语法以及高级特性，适合各个层次的Java程序员阅读，同时也是高等院校讲授面向对象程序设计语言以及Java语言的好教材和参考书。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DmCwdc4UWo8kIyxkrbKcGAPFn3S"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":603,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"书籍","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/58be17df22694f249be5f539f0f12cbf","width":436},"text":"","id":"NuusdkO0KoEuqcxkhDUcaHIinNd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"《疯狂Java讲义》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Za0CdW40komg2KxiOCtcsN4pnNf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"ISBN：9787121361586","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XAcQd6qs0oWqqGxUFeAcY2danZe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"作者：李刚","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HImOdIWASoK8YGxkvUZcJhCHnrh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"出版：电子工业出版社","id":""}],"text":"","id":"P0s8dmIUioYcsIxE13WcCFIgnJc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"《疯狂Java讲义（第4版）》深入介绍了Java编程的相关方面，《疯狂Java讲义（第4版）》内容覆盖了Java的基本语法结构、Java的面向对象特征、Java集合框架体系、Java泛型、异常处理、Java GUI编程、JDBC数据库编程、Java注释、Java的IO流体系、Java多线程编程、Java网络通信编程和Java反射机制。覆盖了java.lang、java.util、java.text、java.io和java.nio、java.sql、java.awt、javax.swing包下绝大部分类和接口。本书重点介绍了Java 9的模块化系统，还详细介绍了Java 9的jshell工具、多版本JAR包、匿名内部类的菱形语法、增强的try语句、私有接口方法，以及Java 9新增的各种API功能。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HqYKdqMICoW6Iexk7uecKI1ZnNb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":685,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"书籍","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/73f9b8449be24d31b0eb1b31f5d545fa","width":528},"text":"","id":"Nosid8Yukoa0aOxA54IcivKanue"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ESKMd2eyCoKUQmxCgyCcBWYbn6f"}]%3C%2Fhowto_content%3E

7. 逻辑思维训练方法？

逻辑思维是人们在认识事物的过程中，借助于概念、判断、推理等思维形式来反映客观现实的理性认识过程。基本的逻辑思维方法包括：抽象与概括、分析与综合，归纳与演绎，对比，原因与结果。

定义

逻辑思维，百度百科的定义是：“是人的理性认识阶段，人运用概念、判断、推理等思维类型反映事物本质与规律的认识过程。”通俗点说，逻辑思维是建立在因果关系之上的，反映客观现实的思维方式。

逻辑思维具有规范、严密、确定和可重复的特点。

方法

分析和综合

分析指的是，把事物分解为各个部分、侧面、属性，分别加以研究，分析是认识事物整体的必要阶段。

综合则是把事物各个部分、侧面、属性按内在联系有机地统一为整体，以掌握事物的本质和规律。

分析和综合是互相渗透和转化的，在分析基础上综合，在综合指导下分析，分析与综合，循环往复，推动认识的深化和发展。

例如：证明两线段相等

综合法思路：已知条件→三角形全等或平行四边形→对应边或对边相等（线段相等）。

分析法思路：对应边或对边相等（线段相等）→三角形全等或平行四边形→已知条件。

归纳和演绎

归纳和演绎是认知事物和思考的逻辑法则。

简单通俗来说：归纳就是把具备某种相同属性的事物，一一列举出来，然后寻找共通点。

演绎法

演绎就是把互相之间形成影响的因素，按照事物因果顺序、时间先后顺序，重要程度顺序排列出来，再寻找突破口。

太极生两仪，两仪生四象，四象生八卦，这是演绎（由太极开始，向后递推的顺序）。

演绎推理的主要形式是“三段论”，由大前提、小前提、结论三部分组成。

大前提是已知的一般原理；

小前提是研究的特殊场合；

结论是将特殊场合归到一般原理之下得出的新知识。例如：

大前提：鸟都会飞；小前提：我是鸟；结论：所以我会飞。

归纳法

龙生龙，凤生凤，老鼠的儿子会打洞，这是归纳（龙，风，老鼠各为一类）。分析若干不同事物（思想、事件、事实）的主要特点，找出其中的共性、共同点，然后将其归类到同一个组中，并说明其共性。

抽象与概括

抽象

抽象是对同类事物中抽取出共同的、本质性的特征，舍弃其非本质的属性或特征的思维过程。

概括

概括指的是人脑在比较和抽象的基础上，把抽象出来的事物的共同本质特征综合起来，并推广到同类事物上的思维过程。

总结

抽象的过程往往是从多到一的过程，最后呈现的形式也是以“关键词”的方式，突出本质属性。而概括的过程最后呈现的都是一句完整表述本质属性的句子。

练习

1、认识到“鸟是一种有羽毛的，无齿有喙前肢为翼的动物”这是思维的( )过程。

A.具体化 B.抽象 C.概括 D.分析

解析：C。该题综合呈现了鸟的所有本质的属性，因此属于概括过程。

2、对乌鸦、企鹅、麻雀、鸵鸟等进行分析比较后，得出“羽毛”、“动物”、“前肢为翼”、“无齿有喙”是共同本质的属性，“飞”是非本质属性。这是思维的( )过程。

A.具体化 B.抽象 C.概括 D.分析

解析：B。该题从多个事物中，抽取出了鸟的本质属性是“羽毛”、“动物”、“前肢为翼”、“无齿有喙”，找到了鸟的特征。属于抽象的过程。

4. 分类和比较

分类

是指根据事物的共同性与差异性，把事物分类。具有相同属性的事物归入一类。具有不同属性的事物归入不同类。

比较

比较就是比较两个或两类事物的共同点和差异点，通过比较就能更好地认识事物的本质。

除了上述的逻辑思考方法，比较常见的还有对比（求同、存异）和因果两种，相对比较容易理解。逻辑性强的人，善于解构任务，化繁为简，剔除无用信息，能用更短的时间解决更多的事情。所以，我们要利用方式和方法锻炼和提高逻辑思维。

提高逻辑思维

“PREP+A”的逻辑

P（Point，观点/论点），R（Reason，原因/理由/根据），E（Example，实例/例证），P（Point），A（Action，行动）。

在正式的谈话、讲演、文案中，一般可以遵循下面的逻辑/步骤：

P：首先，简洁明了的表明自己的观点/论点/主张，也就是你在说什么、你想要表达什么。

R：其次，说出支持你结论的“依据”，也就是回答你凭什么这样认为，是基于哪种事实和解释？

E：再者，用实际的例证（资料、数据、个人例子等）来提高你结论或观点的说服力。

P：最后重复结论，确保自己想传达的信息，已确实传递。

A：行动就是你希望对方怎么做（根据实际需要，一把可以省略）。

小结：简单来讲，这个模式就是先从结论说起，再说明得出结论的理由及根据，然后举出具体事例佐证，最后再强调一次结论。

掌握思维框架

如何去设计一个框架，这个方法来自元学习领域的相关知识，这些元学习领域的相关知识如下：

工作记忆、长时记忆、组块、提取、存储、必要难度、间隔效应、表征、初级表征、次级表征、心理表征、记忆、线索、遗忘曲线、图式、模式、联系、刻意练习、自我生成、详细阐述、分散练习、框架法。

举一个例子来区分一下，工作记忆与长时记，比如记住一个姓名：【xxx]，默默5遍后可以记住这个名字，只不过这个姓名是在工作记忆里边。工作记忆不能被长时的保存，是一种临时的记忆。此时，从大脑里提取这个姓名，就是从工作记忆中直接提取出来。

隔了一会儿，再去提取“刚才记住在工作记忆”的姓名，再也提取不出来了。工作记忆，早已被新的内容刷空，如果“长时记忆”里边有记住这个姓名，我们就能从长时记忆里边把这个姓名提取到工作记忆。可惜的是，遗憾的是，长时记忆里边没有塑造出这个记忆。或者说长时记忆虽然保存了这个记忆，却提取不出来。

现在要利用元学习领域的知识来建立一个逻辑思维的框架，这个逻辑思维的框架是针对逻辑学而言，这就涉及到逻辑学领域的相关基础知识了。逻辑学领域的基础知识，个人提炼出来一些核心而又基础的概念，如下：属性、性质属性、关系属性、概念、内涵、外延、定义、划分、判断、假设Assumption、假定Hypothesis、推理、论证。

比如：以词语“人”作为切入点，通过词语“人”去衔接“属性、本质属性、概念、内涵、外延、划分、判断、推理、论证”。如何从一个词语“人”贯通整个逻辑框架呢？

人这个词语对应的概念--->概念对应外部世界的一类事物----->从一类事物之中“抽象、抽取”出属性--->本质属性---->概念、内涵、定义、外延、划分---->判断---->推理------>论证！

这些基础的概念之间是有联系的，刚开始学习逻辑学时，这些基础的概念在自己的大脑里是碎片化的、是分立的，是没法被联系起来。

东一处、西一处、南一处、北一处，各个概念之间缺乏联系，对逻辑学的认知就是以一些碎片的认知，不能拼成一个框架，缺乏一个框架把各个概念联系起来。

经典的模型

有人说“思维模型是你大脑中用于做决策的工具箱，你拥有的工具越多，你就能够做出正确的决策”，所以大家可以多学习经典思维模型，帮助自己做出正确的决策。

自我提问练习

在日常生活中，无论是看到、听到或读到一些关于重要信息或者让你有触动的信息时，都可以通过一些刻意的自我提问来锻炼自己的思维。比如读到一个观点时，就可以这样问自己：作者为什么会从这个角度切入？作者是如何形成这个结论？这个结论有什么缺点？如果我来写如何可以更好？

写作练习

可以每天拿一张纸，就写一个问题，然后我们再用树形结构逻辑思维，来对这个问题进行分析。用不同的角度，不同的视野，看看是否有新的想法，把这些东西再整理起来，先不要思考太多，想到一个问题就直接写。不能拖延。我们只要追寻自己原始的感受，不用想得很复杂，想到什么就直接写什么，别犹豫不决。培养这种树形结构逻辑思维，最忌讳的就是，原地兜圈子，因为这样会做无用功。

做结构笔记

结构式笔记主要是指：用思维导图搭建全书的框架架构。将全书的内容浓缩在这一张图里，有利于我们迅速抓住重点，在日常思维导图的制作过程中，可以利用工具：xmind，如果你有输出的需求，可以购买一个会员，如果只是想自己做完保存，也可以不购买会员。

使用思维导图

思维导图就是一种工具，可以利用有效图形来协助我们的思维表达的实用性工具，可以帮助我们发散思维，理清思路。当接到一个任务时，先要做的不应该是立马执行，而是先思考。因为有时候如果不思考，就会弄不清楚方向，就会挖掘不出甲方的真实需求。这时候我们就要打开思维导图，开始逻辑的分散性思考。

常见好用的思维导图工具有很多，比如：

亿图脑图MindMaster：强烈推荐，简单好用高颜值，模板社区10W+模板内容；

MindManager：推荐，思维导图老大哥，兼容Microsoft office，试用限制30天；

幕布：较推荐，极简风大纲笔记一键生成思维导图，较长时间无更新维护；

xmind：推荐，商业思维导图软件，高颜值+做图稳定，但没有提供在线版和云服务；

MindLine思维导图：较推荐，轻量级思维导图软件，功能较简约但界面缺乏设计感。

导图的用法

比如，一次会议可以分三个阶段。

第一个阶段，大家畅所欲言，发散思维，用思维导图把大家的想法用树状图画出来。

第二个阶段，评估想法。发现不同想法之间的联系，而且把有联系的想法用线条连接起来。

第三个阶段，集中思维，形成决议。把讨论中淘汰的想法都删除划掉，剩下的想法，分出主次和执行顺序，整理好开始执行。

个人的想法过程也一样。

实用主义的思维导图一定是杂乱的，画满了各种连线、重点符号、划掉符号，就像草稿纸一样。

花哨的装饰和美观的外表未必实用，真正的武器身上一定伤痕累累。

注意事项：

① 清楚制图目的

做思维导图之前，一定要弄清楚自己制图的目的是什么？是为了自己梳理思路还是交付于别人传播。如果是用于分享，就需要有一些设计思维。如果是帮助自己梳理思路，那么就不需要美观度上花去过多的时间。

② 信息传递

记住做思维导图重要的是梳理思维，视觉传达为辅助，帮助记忆，因此不能本末倒置，花过多的时间在视觉美化上面。

③ 语言要精炼

一张思维导图可以承载的信息毕竟有限，我们要学会深度理解信息、适当加工，尽量用明确、精炼的语言去传达。

④ 日常积累素材库

我们要在日常工作中不断累积建立好自己的素材库，可以是图标库、图片库、字体库、配色库、模型参考库等等，这样能够有效提高自己的作图效率。

%3Chowto_content%3E[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"is_abstract":true},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"逻辑思维是人们在认识事物的过程中，借助于概念、判断、推理等思维形式来反映客观现实的理性认识过程。基本的逻辑思维方法包括：抽象与概括、分析与综合，归纳与演绎，对比，原因与结果。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqWSa2UyME4cyK26SNljf8e"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"定义","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn82Iu6wCqCYaCsVDdm0Vuaf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"逻辑思维，百度百科的定义是：“是人的理性认识阶段，人运用概念、判断、推理等思维类型反映事物本质与规律的认识过程。”通俗点说，逻辑思维是建立在因果关系之上的，反映客观现实的思维方式。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnA0MwKoAee6uiABzfa7Ir1f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"逻辑思维具有规范、严密、确定和可重复的特点。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngCeAqMGSGoKuoLXkNHCTnf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":284,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"定义","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/415d542a98e349339d590a145625144c","width":499},"text":"","id":"doxcnw44Y6qIaGwI8cplGbIF5Wd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"方法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsM8kiy2ecuIWiCkmmuvcrc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"分析和综合","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcny2yeseEcm8WeGDxIhX2fsb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"分析指的是，把事物分解为各个","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"部分、侧面、属性","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"，分别加以研究，分析是认识事物整体的必要阶段。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCo2Mq6au8kgcA5EeeTncZb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"综合则是把事物各个部分、侧面、属性按内在联系有机地统一为整体","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"，以掌握事物的本质和规律。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8Ksuq0I0ICGeoVkpyXTZHf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"分析和综合是互相渗透和转化的，在分析基础上综合，在综合指导下分析，分析与综合，循环往复，推动认识的深化和发展。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYSuKO4qemYeysbM7i8qLHe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"例如：证明两线段相等","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0mEUye0ekuoaCuROifHjpd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"综合法思路：已知条件→三角形全等或平行四边形→对应边或对边相等（线段相等）。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKiayookcYYK8b0HNc7hqL3"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"分析法思路：对应边或对边相等（线段相等）→三角形全等或平行四边形→已知条件。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYqA2iyA8s8EqyiKun2GYrb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":500,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"分析和综合","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f3ed2a7441d84d79a6c7d4afe2ce5b7c","width":454},"text":"","id":"doxcnocum8c4aeekKiSucOfoEVd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"归纳和演绎","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsu8ikc0s4A6a6vSyQVMXXe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"归纳和演绎是认知事物和思考的逻辑法则。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUEySU8qCkgyYawx03MkwQf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"简单通俗来说：归纳就是把具备某种相同属性的事物，一一列举出来，然后寻找共通点。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8o0wMYE2S8kG4Si6W1ICYc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"演绎法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGSiiycSICcIgtUDHEoQYn7"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"演绎就是把互相之间形成影响的因素，按照事物因果顺序、时间先后顺序，重要程度顺序排列出来，再寻找突破口。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQ6SkKsuYqUAyGwZerraVSe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"太极生两仪，两仪生四象，四象生八卦，这是演绎（由太极开始，向后递推的顺序）。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6gGYIiIsa8oCGYPyVGh0Gh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"演绎推理的主要形式是“三段论”，由大前提、小前提、结论三部分组成。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCmaAeSCe46sGyq0THpYUQf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"大前提是已知的一般原理；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqiyWYoKAqa4suGhwX7Bp2g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"小前提是研究的特殊场合；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnI8CK0688I6u28JMZMLr69d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"结论是将特殊场合归到一般原理之下得出的新知识。例如：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuSU2a4C488ggOygKpWuB9g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"大前提：鸟都会飞；小前提：我是鸟；结论：所以我会飞。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0ccISgMO2CkwiIXx0X0aNh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"归纳法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkaS2GGcy8yoaMZW0abkfAc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"龙生龙，凤生凤，老鼠的儿子会打洞，这是归纳（龙，","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"风","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"，老鼠各为一类）。分析若干不同事物（思想、事件、事实）的主要特点，找出其中的共性、共同点，然后将其归类到同一个组中，并说明其共性。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGucoWKOc6qySqVjoTDxsoo"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":350,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"归纳法","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/493fdddb3c51438c8ea874487ff8aabe","width":640},"text":"","id":"doxcnogcwqoyc8i8OKm1aTBb0yg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"抽象与概括","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOC6kWc6AIGGSvZAEbR9GGa"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"抽象","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwIQ4WmCSwUewiElwiFYxQe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"抽象是对同类事物中抽取出共同的、本质性的特征，舍弃其非本质的属性或特征的思维过程。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwMsUo0qAIKGqyYhpJwj1Rc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"概括","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuuKsmOM4GYa8KkaGLC4TWc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"概括指的是人脑在比较和抽象的基础上，把抽象出来的事物的共同本质特征综合起来，并推广到同类事物上的思维过程。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWwAqOsGuyIcIE1pITe1Twd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":388,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"概括","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0f4c3b417b88425eb1fbe725114170af","width":764},"text":"","id":"doxcnE484cCmyIiGgc14XNmlXhd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"总结","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn44IwuIQGqQsKgYdMSqgRes"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"抽象的过程往往是从多到一的过程，最后呈现的形式也是以“关键词”的方式，突出本质属性。而概括的过程最后呈现的都是一句完整表述本质属性的句子。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaG6uu2eOqUk602Or2WM95g"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"练习","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSQwosCCAIEci44cPa2dI8c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、认识到“鸟是一种有羽毛的，无齿有喙前肢为翼的动物”这是思维的( )过程。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoIMKy4mEqaC6UzFzxf8U6d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"A.具体化 B.抽象 C.概括 D.分析","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWqWAI8AEgYOCskG04Lr8kF"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"解析：C。该题综合呈现了鸟的所有本质的属性，因此属于概括过程。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsuiIaKIM4s06c3a3GLrMXb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、对乌鸦、企鹅、麻雀、鸵鸟等进行分析比较后，得出“羽毛”、“动物”、“前肢为翼”、“无齿有喙”是共同本质的属性，“飞”是非本质属性。这是思维的( )过程。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4QAIiWq2AGws4dm3uwwUlb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"A.具体化 B.抽象 C.概括 D.分析","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKsqESgGCK0oQ4YXuKSunmd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"解析：B。该题从多个事物中，抽取出了鸟的本质属性是“羽毛”、“动物”、“前肢为翼”、“无齿有喙”，找到了鸟的特征。属于抽象的过程。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnekSGeUsuoCkU2jBdyAus6e"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":624,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"练习","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/3a125a7dc2f64b3496055ef979a28717","width":942},"text":"","id":"doxcnuMyIwagwO6YGiO2uoQKzMe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"4. 分类和比较","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcne4EEiKCqiIsoiGyFDTUCZf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"分类","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkIO8moqWqQEgERuvJEfzpf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"是指根据事物的共同性与差异性，把事物分类。具有相同属性的事物归入一类。具有不同属性的事物归入不同类。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8QsU8awWs844oz0qV0j5Fb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"比较","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyo4SQIwoEsI4eY36vXPkmb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"比较就是比较两个或两类事物的共同点和差异点，通过比较就能更好地认识事物的本质。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnq8GyC8ka4UaAcLQ4fKMNsg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":302,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"比较","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7f5d245a0acf4d5d8563da749547cb04","width":697},"text":"","id":"doxcnIWYMEk2mwgOeuoa3URyCGf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"除了上述的逻辑思考方法，比较常见的还有对比（求同、存异）和因果两种，相对比较容易理解。逻辑性强的人，善于解构任务，化繁为简，剔除无用信息，能用更短的时间解决更多的事情。所以，我们要利用方式和方法锻炼和提高逻辑思维。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMs6CSW6cIqsWpf1gttX3IH"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"提高逻辑思维","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSkcoSwQeC4isYF7fZSKCgd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"“PREP+A”的逻辑","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEAesIyKM0WmCGgjJRA7azf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"P（Point，观点/论点），R（Reason，原因/理由/根据），E（Example，实例/例证），P（Point），A（Action，行动）。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn884McSui8qkoq8YTNwjEve"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在正式的谈话、讲演、文案中，一般可以遵循下面的逻辑/步骤：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnueAmiumwQomMeQANJNxGVe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"P：首先，简洁明了的表明自己的观点/论点/主张，也就是你在说什么、你想要表达什么。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngqSIgoqOOoEiQXax3I04Ug"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"R：其次，说出支持你结论的“依据”，也就是回答你凭什么这样认为，是基于哪种事实和解释？","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCeSko0OGiiEqWcVnNdWaYf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"E：再者，用实际的例证（资料、数据、个人例子等）来提高你结论或观点的说服力。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYO8qyAs4OmQEacnmUYGCig"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"P：最后重复结论，确保自己想传达的信息，已确实传递。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQkMAuUgQgMq6CIU2yPiyld"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"A：行动就是你希望对方怎么做（根据实际需要，","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"一把","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"可以省略）。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKIgqYEASCGUKOFWTZ5P11l"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"小结：简单来讲，这个模式就是先从结论说起，再说明得出结论的理由及根据，然后举出具体事例佐证，最后再强调一次结论。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGaAakkig0i8a6NlNG1GeEc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1181,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"“PREP+A”的逻辑","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/aa380ce7f1e44fd78403faf718986e95","width":1920},"text":"","id":"doxcnmAkogCYsAqwSs7n7STOApf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"掌握思维框架","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEkOy4i6G0IaMuqXJnwJmSf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如何去设计一个框架，这个方法来","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"自元","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"学习领域的相关知识，这些元学习领域的相关知识如下：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8sooEGySOCwesvMkX6W8qd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"工作记忆、长时记忆、组块、提取、存储、必要难度、间隔效应、表征、初级表征、次级表征、心理表征、记忆、线索、遗忘曲线、图式、模式、联系、刻意练习、自我生成、详细阐述、分散练习、框架法。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnO0cIgI40C8C4iCLHQdGwzb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"举一个例子来区分一下，工作记忆与长时记，比如记住一个姓名：【xxx]，默默5遍后可以记住这个名字，只不过这个姓名是在工作记忆里边。工作记忆不能被长时的保存，是一种临时的记忆。此时，从大脑里提取这个姓名，就是从工作记忆中直接提取出来。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngyQYG20yQEWaEbLIC7t63e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"隔了一会儿，再去提取“刚才记住在工作记忆”的姓名，再也提取不出来了。工作记忆，早已被新的内容刷空，如果“长时记忆”里边有记住这个姓名，我们就能从长时记忆里边把这个姓名提取到工作记忆。可惜的是，遗憾的是，长时记忆里边没有塑造出这个记忆。或者说长时记忆虽然保存了这个记忆，却提取不出来。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQOCy2EAkkOusiaodWslbse"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaoea6MMmG0iiSKaiyjBNsb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":256,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"掌握思维框架","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/cc0deb1239f440549e758b1399d8fba1","width":512},"text":"","id":"doxcnEIwCqmWW0GesA3HrUH4Khc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"现在要利用元学习领域的知识来建立一个逻辑思维的框架，这个逻辑思维的框架是针对逻辑学而言，这就涉及到逻辑学领域的相关基础知识了。逻辑学领域的基础知识，个人提炼出来一些核心而又基础的概念，如下：","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"属性、性质属性、关系属性、概念、内涵、外延、定义、划分、判断、假设Assumption、假定Hypothesis、推理、论证。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnS4sYcw2YyUSGraIJHhOyxS"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"比如：以词语“人”作为切入点，通过词语“人”去衔接“属性、本质属性、概念、内涵、外延、划分、判断、推理、论证”。如何从一个词语“人”贯通整个逻辑框架呢？","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnu6yG8QOWoiOY2ZUmpNt3mf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":373,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"掌握思维框架","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f27c0cb557a24dd38c0df860ba0d11a1","width":640},"text":"","id":"doxcncG44IEugGcuAuwShlT7cve"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"人这个词语对应的概念---\u003e概念对应外部世界的一类事物-----\u003e从一类事物之中“抽象、抽取”出属性---\u003e本质属性----\u003e概念、内涵、定义、外延、划分----\u003e判断----\u003e推理------\u003e论证！","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnC42IY0UWcGgCEr7LlfBY0b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这些基础的概念之间是有联系的，刚开始学习逻辑学时，这些基础的概念在自己的大脑里是碎片化的、是分立的，是没法被联系起来。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnu60GwaycmsAgaozVXMxeXe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":234,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"掌握思维框架","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/19a09f4548e444049bbb1827247cf485","width":307},"text":"","id":"doxcnkUCqSCAWqY0Kmk8lEn6tle"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"东一处、西一处、南一处、北一处，各个概念之间缺乏联系，对逻辑学的认知就是以一些碎片的认知，不能拼成一个框架，缺乏一个框架把各个概念联系起来。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneykUYa46y4OuOSO1amG2Qd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"经典的模型","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcna6YsG86Gui6qgFUDHiBAAX"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"有人说“思维模型是你大脑中用于做决策的工具箱，你拥有的工具越多，你就能够做出正确的决策”，所以大家可以多学习经典思维模型，帮助自己做出正确的决策。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnICseU24aiE0q0yPqoazW3P"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":753,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"经典的模型","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/6d2877b0ebb8435290d03585c2beee7b","width":821},"text":"","id":"doxcn0iM8A0MggiUgUVGq5cU01e"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"自我提问练习","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKeg8GqcCK0sYK6ASAPapCe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在日常生活中，无论是看到、听到或读到一些关于重要信息或者让你有触动的信息时，都可以通过一些刻意的自我提问来锻炼自己的思维。比如读到一个观点时，就可以这样问自己：作者为什么会从这个角度切入？作者是如何形成这个结论？这个结论有什么缺点？如果我来写如何可以更好？","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4mQGGWmEASmOkj0xApcoOf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":400,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"自我提问练习","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/96c16476400947388f2f89c05a2579f4","width":600},"text":"","id":"doxcnAmgAMsu2Os28qMxoB0isUb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"写作练习","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnm8SKaw6Ki6SCsxlYDcMRod"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"可以每天拿一张纸，就写一个问题，然后我们再用树形结构逻辑思维，来对这个问题进行分析。用不同的角度，不同的视野，看看是否有新的想法，把这些东西再整理起来，先不要思考太多，想到一个问题就直接写。不能拖延。我们只要追寻自己原始的感受，不用想得很复杂，想到什么就直接写什么，别犹豫不决。培养这种树形结构逻辑思维，最忌讳的就是，原地兜圈子，因为这样会做无用功。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYMCcY46uY2IiwR0WJK2V1f"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":500,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"写作练习","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0bd006613e7d4cfcbd94fba42882c751","width":750},"text":"","id":"doxcnyO6O8gCi0ASyO0euiD8URc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"做结构笔记","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGUWGiYYu6euiOqxuaQkSic"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"结构式笔记主要是指：用思维导图搭建全书的框架架构。将全书的内容浓缩在这一张图里，有利于我们迅速抓住重点，在日常思维导图的制作过程中，可以利用工具：XMIND，如果你有输出的需求，可以购买一个会员，如果只是想自己做完保存，也可以不购买会员。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2mkEYWocOseSszsBmk1ZJg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":669,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"做结构笔记","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/23274df6fd8041c7ab52d66907a07e4e","width":1080},"text":"","id":"doxcnGaiSaooKcmo8V4WOeVZuvH"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"使用思维导图","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneCamCykKyMEaEjnUFczAkb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"思维导图就是一种工具，可以利用有效图形来协助我们的思维表达的实用性工具，可以帮助我们发散思维，理清思路。当接到一个任务时，先要做的不应该是立马执行，而是先思考。因为有时候如果不思考，就会弄不清楚方向，就会挖掘不出甲方的真实需求。这时候我们就要打开思维导图，开始逻辑的分散性思考。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWwOaKE4uI8AIaS0BtvSOOd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":365,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"使用思维导图","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/49fef0ff0e8c4c62842de1a7a9597b3b","width":500},"text":"","id":"doxcn6aYwm8WSWoOyuQRsjzCpmb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"常见好用的思维导图工具有很多，比如：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneq0sQy6yWEoggpUaEXjGoe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":192,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"使用思维导图","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/134321d5aec94ee38304366b791b30c8","width":640},"text":"","id":"doxcns4QSyumSSikUAbURkpmHld"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"亿图脑图MindMaster：强烈推荐，简单好用高颜值，模板社区10W+模板内容；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaE0iqAYQEuUoucsyV5MXhe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"MindManager：推荐，思维导图老大哥，兼容Microsoft office，试用限制30天；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnU2YcC4isk2WgAfphP6xpCb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"幕布：较推荐，极简风大纲笔记一键生成思维导图，较长时间无更新维护；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnK0c8ykok4OGm2V8oVsG2ie"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"xmind：推荐，商业思维导图软件，高颜值+做图稳定，但没有提供在线版和云服务；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEOmOAI8UyG6IMNkMgoC2vh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"MindLine思维导图：较推荐，轻量级思维导图软件，功能较简约但界面缺乏设计感。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWKaw020u4qmaC6qxjBrPmX"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"导图的用法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKccSeYIk4UC0oD9QQEh6Hd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"比如，一次会议可以分三个阶段。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniSeoiGewMamuc72tw7BJKc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第一个阶段，大家畅所欲言，发散思维，用思维导图把大家的想法用树状图画出来。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngMQwmMKOuKg4Y5iWCgiqUe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第二个阶段，评估想法。发现不同想法之间的联系，而且把有联系的想法用线条连接起来。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniuK8oskUKuGe4gs49QmdZb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第三个阶段，集中思维，形成决议。把讨论中淘汰的想法都删除划掉，剩下的想法，分出主次和执行顺序，整理好开始执行。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2gk02KyW862q2fLvdoT4Md"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"个人的想法过程也一样。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnK24qyYqGMwWsR9CvSP7Jnz"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"实用主义的思维导图一定是杂乱的，画满了各种连线、重点符号、划掉符号，就像草稿纸一样。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwQ60gQ4mGiMqYZvHtGLzU9"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"花哨的装饰和美观的外表未必实用，真正的武器身上一定伤痕累累。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAAkomCwOsEequentebvW3e"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":311,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"导图的用法","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/cff0e4334b61472faae3eec76a797d05","width":400},"text":"","id":"doxcng4QkE4K8QUG8AnSsikHc1d"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"注意事项：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniwqigWIGCCsOS8jdrG1nuh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"① 清楚制图目的","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneoKcKqmIUAeyA1iS2WWPBf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"做思维导图之前，一定要弄清楚自己制图的目的是什么？是为了自己梳理思路还是交付于别人传播。如果是用于分享，就需要有一些设计思维。如果是帮助自己梳理思路，那么就不需要美观度上花去过多的时间。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnq4ucCGmcigUQc83kQstspb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"② 信息传递","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnq2WSC4oEQUuqoVIeTYiuM8"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"记住做思维导图重要的是梳理思维，视觉传达为辅助，帮助记忆，因此不能本末倒置，花过多的时间在视觉美化上面。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6EUqUmkIggSm6CvZeSUcQh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"③ 语言要精炼","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmEESWIy4ykwIuOjD305Syg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一张思维导图可以承载的信息毕竟有限，我们要学会深度理解信息、适当加工，尽量用明确、精炼的语言去传达。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnS4QwasyIwm6msH8s3X6bVg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"④ 日常积累素材库","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2wgcsm22eUW023BrFGuPGb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"我们要在日常工作中不断累积建立好自己的素材库，可以是图标库、图片库、字体库、配色库、模型参考库等等，这样能够有效提高自己的作图效率。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAamQcqeMoesgkHoc9dTtkf"}]%3C%2Fhowto_content%3E

免责声明：本文作者：“游客”，版权归作者所有，观点仅代表作者本人。本站仅提供信息存储分享服务，不拥有所有权。信息贵在分享，如有侵权请联系ynstorm@foxmail.com，我们将在24小时内对侵权内容进行删除。